职称英语新增文章.docx
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职称英语新增文章.docx
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职称英语新增文章
第三篇AcrosstheDeserts(阅读判断)
TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafromSenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayit'sveryhot,andatnightit’ssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara.
In2006,KevinLin,RayZahab,andCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingverydifficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert4,300miles(6,920km).Itseemedimpossibletodo,buttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselves,andthiswouldbeaverybigtest.
OnthemorningofNovember2,Kevin,Ray,andCharliestartedtheirtripacrosstheSahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:
00.At11a.m.theystoppedandresteduntil5p.m.Thentheyranagainuntil9:
30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles(64km).Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.TheylistenedtomusicontheiriPods,andtheyranandran.
Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneedabout2,000caloriesoffoodeachday.Kevin,Ray,andCharlieneededbetween6,000and9,000calorieseveryday.That'salotoffood!
Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater.
Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtrip,andmanytimestheywantedtoquitandgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot(140°F/60°C)duringtheday,andtheheatmadethemsick.Theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindy,andtheycouldn'tsee.Onetimetheygotlost.Buttheydidn'tquit.After111days,Kevin,Ray;andCharliesuccessfullyfinishedtheirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.TheyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsinthewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.
词汇:
stretchv.延伸,伸展
calorien.卡(路里),小卡,大卡
quitv.停止,放
注释:
1....madethedecisiontorunacross...:
......决正跑步横跨......
练习:
1.It’snotalwayshotmtheSaharaDesert.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
2.Eachdaythemenranforapproximatelyeighthours.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
3.Inthemiddleoftheday:
themenusuallystoppedrunning.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
4.Theysometimesfeltsickbecauseitwassohot.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
5.Sometimestheycouldn'tseetheroadbecauseitwaswindy.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
6.Luckily,theynevergotlost.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
7.Ontheirtripacrossthedesert:
thethreemenranthroughfivecountries.
A.RightB.WrongC.mentioned
答案与题解:
1.A 文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷,所以不是总是很热。
题干表述正确。
2.B 文中提到三人每天从早上5点开始跑一直到上午11点,又从下午5点开始跑到晚上9点半,所以总共跑10.5个小时。
题干表述不正确。
3.A 文中讲到三人上午11点停下来休息一直到下午5点再继续跑,所以在一天的中午,他们停止跑步。
题干表述正确。
4.A 原文中讲到高温使他们生病。
所以题干表述正确。
5.A 文中提到有时刮起大风导致他们什么也看不到,所以他们会因为起风而看不到路。
题干表述正确。
6.B 文中最后一段讲到他们有一次迷路了,所以不是从来没有迷路。
题干表述不正确。
7.C 文中只提到他们挎越沙漠的长度,并没有提到穿过几个国家。
所以,题干表述文中没有提到。
第六篇NativeAmericanPottery(阅读理解)
ThereareseveralAmericanIndiangroupsintheSouthwestthatstillmakebeautifulpottery.Someofthispotterymaybesoldatfairlyhighprices.Butthemakersconsidertheirworkasmorethanacommercialenterprise.Byusingmethodshandeddownforgenerations,thepottersexpresstheirprideintheirculturalinheritance.
SomeofthemostinterestingpotteryismadebythePuebloIndians.Thereare21individualpueblosinArizonaandNewMexico.Severalarefamousfortheircraftsmanship.Tomakeapot,thesepottersuseaclaybaseandaddlongthincoilsofclaytoitinaspiralpattern.Whentheyhavereachedthesizetheywant,theyuseanimplementsuchasarockorshelltosmooththesurfacesofthepot.
Howapotisdecoratedandfireddependsonthetraditionsofthegroupmakingit.TraditionalpotteryproducedbytheAcoma,whohavelivedforcenturiesonahighmesainNewMexico,isfirstpaintedwithaclayslip.Theresultingpots:
whichareprizedfortheirdelicacyandstrength,maybeleftwhite.Theymayalsobepaintedwithblackandwhitepatternsorwithacombinationofblack,orange,andbrown.
VerydistinctiveblackpotterycomesfromtheSanIldefonsoandSantaClarapueblos.Theblackcoloristheresultofcarbonbeingreleasedfromtheanimalmanureinwhichthepotisfired.Someartisanshand–rubthiswaretoashinygloss.Otherscutpatternsintoit:
resultinginapartshiny:
partfiatsurface.PottersatSailIldefonsomakemanytypesofwares.PottersatSantaClaraareespeciallyknownforweddingjars-jarswithtwonecksconnectedbyahandle.
OthergroupssuchastheHopiandtheCochitialsomakepottery.Eachgroupusesdistinctivemethodsandproducesdistinctiveformsanddesigns.
词汇:
potteryn.陶器
distinctiveadj.特别的,有特色的
enterprisen.事业,产业,实业
inheritancen.遗产
manuren.肥料,粪肥
craftsmanshipn.手艺
artisann.精美,精致
注释:
1....handeddownforgenerations………世代相传……
2.…hand-rubthiswaretoashinygloss………亲手揉搓罐子表面,使它光泽平滑……
练习:
1.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“commercial”means_________.
A.havingtodowithadvertisingproductsonTV
B.havingtodowithadvertisingproductsonTV
C.large-scale
D.artistic
2.Thesecondparagraphinthepassageisdevelopedmainlythrough_________.
A.stepsinaprocess
B.descriptionofobjects
C.thetellingofastory
D.examples
3.TheSailIldefonsopuebloisknownfor_________.
A.blackpottery
B.weddingjars
C.thinanddelicateshapes
D.black,brown,andorangepots
4.Traditionalmethodsofmakingpottery_________.
A.arerarelyusedanymore
B.takealotoftime
C.arenotofinteresttopotterycollectors
D.willsoonbecompletereplaced
5.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe_________.
A.HowtoMakeaPot
B.LivingonaHighMesa
C.TheIndiansofArizonaandNewMexico
D.AnOldArtStillPracticed
答案与题解:
1.B前文提到一些陶器会以高价卖出,可以推测commercial在这里的意思是买卖交易。
所以,答案是选项B。
2.A第二段主要讲制作一个罐子的步骤,不是在对罐子的形态进行描述,也没有讲具体的例子或者故事。
所以,答案是选项A。
3.A第四段第一句话提到具有特色的黑色陶器是有圣伊尔德丰索部落的普韦布洛人制作的,最后一句提到圣克拉拉部落的陶器尤其以他的婚礼罐子闻名,选项C、D与题干无关,所以答案是选项A。
4.B根据文中制作的陶器的过程可以推测出制作陶器的过程很复杂因而费时,选项A、C、D文中均有提及,故可排除。
5.D本文主要介绍了美国本土一些印第安部落的陶器特点及制作过程。
选项A过于片面,选项B、C与文章主旨无关,因此答案是选项D。
第三篇TheValueofTears(补全短文)
Tearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.However,cryingisafactoflife…andtearsareveryuseful.
(1)Thesecreateafilmovertheeye'ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.
Tearsrelievestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons."Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they’llnevergetitback,”explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.
(2)Asadultswestillfeartheconsequencesofshowingemotions.”
Almostanyemotion—goodorbad,happyorsad—cancausetears.Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.(3)
Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fear,orgrief,buttheyrepresstheemotion.“Everyonehastheneedtocry,”sayspsychotherapistVeraDiamond.Sometimesintherapysessions,patientsparticipateincryingexercise(4)Diamondsaysit’sbesttocryinsafe,privateplaces,likeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.That’sbecausemanypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.Infact,theymayberepressingtheirownneedtocry.
Incertainsituations,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.(5)“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don'tjustcry,”Diamondsays,shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaytodealwiththeproblem.”
Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.
词汇:
make-upn.化妆(品)
psychotherapistn.心理治疗师
runnynose流鼻涕
infectionn.感染,传染
releasev.释放
builtup组合的,拼合的
注释:
1.…createafilmovertheeye’ssurface:
……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。
2.…getitback…:
……恢复……
3.…actoutthewholesituationagain…:
……整个场景重现……
练习:
AItmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplecrymorefreely.
BIt’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.
CCryinghasgoodeffectsonthebody.
DEvenwhenyou'renotcrying,youreyesproducetears.
ETheypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.
FAschildrenweweresometimespunishedforsheddingtearsorexpressinganger.
答案与题解:
1.D此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用,后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处,并且句首是these,所以所填的这句应该有眼泪,根据上下文只有选项D最适合。
选项C与前一句话意思重复。
2.F下文提到作为成人,我们仍然害怕流泪,所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。
所以,答案是选项F。
3.A上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感,所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处,根据上下文,只有选项A比较贴切。
4.E上文提到患者要练习哭,这里应该讲练习哭的原因。
所以,答案是选项E。
5.B上一句提到在某些场合哭是不合适的,所以此处也应该具体解释不适合哭的场景,答案是选项B。
第二十四篇TheRomanceofArthur
Mostcultureshavesomesortofherowhorepresentsthebestvaluesofwhatitspeoplebelievein.TheunusualthingaboutKingArthuristhatlegendsofhisheroismhavepersistedforseveralcenturiesandspreadfarbeyondEngland,theplacewheretheybegan.
TheearlieststoriesofKingArthurrepresenthimasawarriorwhofoughtandsubduedtheinvadingNorsemenintheyearsaroundA.D.700.ThismuchoftheArthuriantaleisprobablybasedonfact.WhethercalledArthurornot,thereisabodyofevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsuchawarrior.Itisthelaterembellishmentsofthetalewhoseauthenticityisquestionable.Accordingtothese,ArthurwasborninacastleinTintagelonthestormywesterncoastofEnglandandbecausehewastheillegitimatesonofKingUtherPendrag
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