高中定语从句答案版41剖析.docx
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高中定语从句答案版41剖析.docx
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高中定语从句答案版41剖析
定语从句学案和练习
一.定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.
先行词关系代词
Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.
先行词关系副词
二.关系词的分类
1.关系代词:
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as
2.关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有:
when,where,why
三.关系代词的基本用法
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
who
人
主语,宾语,表语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语(+n)
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
①who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。
Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.
③which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时,可省略。
Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.
Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.
④that指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时,可省略。
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。
不可省略。
Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.
2.关系代词的用法注意点
(1)以下情况只能用that。
①当先行词被最高级修饰时。
如:
TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。
如:
ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.
当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。
如:
ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.
⑤当先行词中有人又有物时。
如:
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
(2)以下情况不用that:
1.介词之后。
指物用which,指人用whom.
Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.
HeisthestudentwithwhomIsit.
2.引导非限制性定语从句
IamreadingHarryPorter,whichisaninterestingbook.
巩固练习1:
用适当的关系词填空
1).YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.
2).Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.
3).Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.
4).Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.
5).Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.
6).Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.
7).Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.
8)Thefirstlesson_______Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
9)All________wehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.
10)Theytalkedofthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.
11)Themanto______IspokeisfromCanada.
12)IamreadingHarryPorter,______isaninterestingbook.
[答案]1.which/that2.whose3.who/that
4.who/whom/that5.whose6.which/that7.which/that8.that9.that10.that11.whom12.which
四.关系副词的用法
1.关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
when
表时间的名词/名词词组
时间状语
where
表地点的名词/名词词组
地点状语
why
表原因的名词
原因状语
①用关系副词when时,先行词指时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语,when可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.
Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.
②用关系副词where时,先行词指地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语,where可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如:
Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.
Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.
③用关系副词why时,先行词指原因,why在定语从句中作原因状语,why可换成“for+关系代词”。
如:
Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.
Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.
先行词是theway,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。
Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.
Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.
(that/inwhich)(that/inwhich)
巩固练习2:
用适当的关系词填空
1)October1,1949wastheday________Chinawasfounded.
2)Beijingistheplace_______Ilive.
3)Isthisthereason________hedidn’twanttoseeme?
4)Isthistheroom________wewerelivinglastwinter?
5)Thedaysaregone_______weused“foreignoil”.
6)Yesterday,wehadameeting_______wediscussedmanyproblems.
[答案]1.when/onwhich2.where/inwhich3.why/forwhich4.where/inwhich5.when/duringwhich6.where/atwhich
巩固练习3:
对比练习:
用适当的关系词填空
1).Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.
Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.
2).Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Imetyou.
Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.
3).Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.
Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.
4)..I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.
I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.
5).Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.
Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
6).Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.
Thisisthereason__________hegave。
[答案]1.where/inwhich(that/which)2.when/onwhich(that/which)3.(that/which)why/forwhich4.when/inwhich(that/which)
5.where/inwhich(which/that)6.why/forwhichthat/which
五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.介词+关系代词(在句中作状语)=关系副词
1)介词的选用考虑与先行词的搭配关系或与谓语动词的搭配习惯
2)介词+whom/which
Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=
Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=
ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.
巩固练习4:
用适当的关系词填空
1.Mygrandpawasbornin1939______theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.
2.KunMingisabeautifulplace______flowersareseenalltheyearround.
3.Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.
4.Heisthehero________weareproud.
5.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.
6.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.
7.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?
8.Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?
9.Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?
10.Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalking?
[答案]1.inwhich/when2.inwhich/where3.inwhich4.ofwhom5.inwhich6.onwhich7.onwhich8.forwhich9.fromwhom10.aboutwhom
2.名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词:
Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.
Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.
LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.
六、关系代词as引导定语从句
1.as引导限定性定语从句:
先行词有such,thesame时,要用as。
Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.
WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?
2.as引导非限定性定语从句:
代替整个句子,as从句位于句首、句中或句末。
as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
as多用于下列习惯用语中:
asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样
asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知
aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样
asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样
ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述
asismentionedabove正如上面提到的
Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.
Theearthisround,asweallknow.
注意比较:
Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.
Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.
3.as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别
1)从意义上来看,which可以译为“这/那”;as译为“正如、象”
Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,asisoftenthecase.
Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,whichmadetheteacherangry.
2)as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在句首,又可在句末;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能用句末。
如:
Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.
Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.
Themoontravelsroundtheearth,asisknowntoall.
3)当非限制性定语从句谓语为被动形式时,习惯上用as引导。
这种用法有的已形成固定的句式。
如asisknowntoall(众所周知),asissaidabove(如上所述),ashasbeenpointedout(像所指出的那样)等。
4)在非限制性定语从句中用作实义动词“make,upset,delay,worry”等的主语时,用which引导.
e.g.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimverysad.
5)当非限制性定语从句为否定句时,常用which引导.
Mr.Smithpraisedherinpublic,whichshedidn’tlikesomuch.
巩固练习5:
用适当的关系词填空
1.Hemarriedher,______wasnatural.
2.Heishonest,______wecansee.
3.______isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
4.Heisfromthesouth,______wecanknowfromhisaccent.
5.John,______youknow,isafamouswriter.
6.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,______Idon’tbelieve.
7.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,______madehisteacherveryangry.
8.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,______madethemveryheavy.
9.I’veneverheardsuchstories______hetells.
10.Thisisthesamedictionary______Ilostlastweek.
[答案]1.which2.as3.As4.as5.as6.which7.which8.which9.as10.as
七、限定性、非限定性定语从句
1.限定性定语从句是对先行词起限定作用的。
去掉这个从句则整句话不完整或不成立,翻译成一个句子。
Eg:
Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
-----Heisnotatrueman.不完整
Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.
-----Thisistheplace.(不明确,不完整)
ThemooncakethathasegginitisthemooncakewhichIlikebest.
Themooncakeisthemooncake.不成立
大多数定语从句是限定性定语从句。
2.非限定性定语从句是对先行词起解释、说明作用的。
去掉这个从句整句话仍成立,用逗号隔开,翻译成两个句子。
Eg:
Ihaveadog,whichcandomanythingsforme.
Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.
注意:
1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Hefailedintheexam,thatmadehismotherveryangry.(错,应用which)
2)在非限制性定语从句中whom作宾语时,通常不可用who代替。
Thisisthegirlwhom/whoImetinthestreet.(限制性)
Theyoungmanhadanewfriend,whomhewantedtoimpressed.(非限制性)
3)关系词在引导限制性定语从句时作宾语时,可以省略,但在引导非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
Thisisthebook(that/which)helostyesterday.(限制性)
Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.(非限制性)
3.一定要用非限制性定语从句的情况:
1)当先行词指地名或人名尤其是伟人时。
London,whichliesontheRiverThames,isthecapitalofEngland.
2)当先行词是指世界上独一无二的东西时。
Themoon,whichdoesn’tgivelightitself,isthesatelliteofourearth.
3)当先行词是指生身父母时。
Myfather,whoisadoctor,livesinLondon.
4)当先行词指合法婚姻的夫妇时。
Hiswife,wholoveshimverymuch,issometimesangrywithhim.
5)当关系代词which,as代表整个主句的意义时。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
定语从句综合练习
一)、用恰当的词填空
1.Idon’twanttohiretheboy_whose___fatherisnowinprison.
2.Joincludedsomephotos__that_wouldhelpRosemarypicturetheplacesabout__which________shetalked.
3.Doyoukn
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