M10 U2 基础词汇.docx
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M10 U2 基础词汇.docx
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M10U2基础词汇
Reading
I.同义句
1.Forsomeofthesepeoplethemoveispermanent,butforothersitisonlyforafewmonthsoftheyear.
Forsomeofthesepeoplethemoveispermanent,whileforothersitisonlytemporary.
2.Thisgroupmakesupover17percentofthestate’spopulation.
Thisgroupaccountsforover17percentofthestate’spopulation.
II..Phrasesinthepassage
1.在旅途中;在迁徙中onthemove
2.向南行进headsouth
3.为…的所在地/的家园behometo
4.占据(比例),组成,捏造makeup
5.作为…而出名befamous/knownas…
6.给出各种理由giveavarietyofreasonsfor…
7.除此以外apartfromsth.
8.讲得通;有意义makesense(of)
9.满足某人需要catertosb./sth
10.为……而设计bedesignedfor…
11.减少做…的风险reducetheriskof…
12.对…更有吸引力bemoreattractivetosb
13.被…包围besurroundedby…
14.适应新环境adjusttonewconditions
15.毕业以后aftergraduation
16.某人的亲骨肉one’sownfleshandblood
17.选择做某事elect/choosetodosth.
18.把…换成…swap…for…
19.异口同声地说speakwithonevoice
20.朝…方向headfor
Ⅲ.Sentencestructures
1.InthiseditionofAmericanLiving,wearelookingatsomepopulationtrendsintheUSA.(P18)在这一版的《美国生活》中,我们讨论美国人口趋向。
trend与tendency辨析
tendency仅仅指趋向,trend强调要变化或发展的趋势,具有动态含义。
fashiontrend流行趋势;
2.ThroughouttheMidwestandtheNorth-east,peopleaged60andoverarepackingtheirbagsandheadingsouthalongthefreewaytostateslikeFlorida.(P18)
1).peopleaged60链接高考
1)Don'tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown C.tobeknown D.known
2)TheTownHall__inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.(上海)
A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted
3)Things_________nevercomeagain!
”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.(湖南)
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.belost
2).headsouth
east,west,south,north等都可用作副词,表示方向,和来往性的动词连用,前面不再加介词。
另外,方向名词也可作名词,但前应带冠词the,与介词连用
_____ofthePacificOcean_____Canada.
A.Theeast;liesB.East;liesC.Totheeast;layD.Ontheeast;lie
3.ItisnotsurprisingthatFloridaisknownastheoldestplaceintheUSA.
★It’ssurprising/strange/apitythatsb.Shoulddo……(should表示“竟然”,不可省略)
e.g.
(1)真是遗憾她竟然错过了出国深造的机会。
It’sapitythatsheshouldmissthechancetogoabroadforeducation/study.
(2)真是奇怪那么优秀的男生竟然没去上大学。
It’sstrangethatsuchanexcellentboystudentshouldnotgotouniversity.
4.Thequestionis,though,whyaresomanypeopleretiringandspendingtheirpensionsinFlorida.
★Thequestionis……问题是……
e.g.
(1)问题是他们打算付给你多少钱。
Thequestionis,howmucharetheygoingtopayyou?
.
(2)问题是你真正地想干什么。
Thequestionis,whatdoyoureallywanttodo?
.
★★though连词:
“虽然;尽管”,位于让步状语从句句首,不能与“but”连用,但可与yet连用。
副词:
“然而;可是;不过”,位于句中和句末,用逗号与前句隔开。
e.g.
(1)尽管他只有十二岁,但对中国历史懂得很多。
Thoughhewasonlytwelve,heknewalotaboutthehistoryofChina..
(2)我希望你是对的,不过,我还要问他一下。
Iexpectyouareright,I’llaskhim,though。
5…,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem
◆as随着,其后要跟完整的句子,引导从句。
With其后要跟分词结构(+doing/todo/done)
e.g.随着时间的流逝,我们越来越意识到环保的重要性。
(分别用as和with)
(1).Astimegoesby,weareincreasinglyconscious/awareofprotectingtheenvironment..
(2).Withtimegoingby,weareincreasinglyconscious/awareofprotectingtheenvironment..
6.Recently,therehasbeenaboominpopulationmobility,andaccordingto……everyyear.
●Therehasbeenaboom/arise/anincreaseinthenumberof…….的繁荣、激增。
=Thenumberof……hasbeenincreasingsharply.
e.g.在过去五年里,我国的小汽车数量一直在迅猛增长。
(两种)
(1).Inthepastfiveyears,therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofthecarsinourcountry.
(2).Inthepastfiveyears,thenumberofthecarshasbeenincreasingsharplyinourcountry.
7.I’dlovetostayinthecommunitywhereIgrewup,buttherearenogoodjobs.Ihavetogowherethebigcompaniesare,becauseIwanttobeasuccessfulaccountant,notaclerkorwaitress..
★第一个where引导定语从句,修饰先行词community.
e.g.你最好在有问题的地方做一个记号。
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.
★★第二个where意思是“在……的地方;去……的地方”,引导地点状语从句。
e.g.
(1)他决定去我国最需要教师的地方。
Heisdeterminedtogowhereteachersaremostneededinourcountry.
(2)在以前有座小花园的地方正在建一所学校。
Aschoolisbeingbuiltwherethereusedtobeasmallpark.
★★★此外,Where还可以引导名词性从句。
e.g.在那一点上我不同意(你错了)
That’swhereIdisagree.
That’swhereyouarewrong/mistaken.
我得弄清楚你们在哪里找到那个失踪的孩子的。
Ihavetofindoutwhereyoufoundthelostchild.
8.Citieshavetheatres,museumsandbigsportingevents,butsmalltownshavenoneofthese.
考点
用法
none
既可指人,也可指物,常用来回答howmany/much引导的疑问句;可与of连用,后跟可数名词
noone
指人,常用来回答who引导的疑问句
nothing
“什么也没有”,否定一切,常用来回答what引导的疑问句
neither
两者之间,“两者都不”
1)Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,______attheotherstore.
A.onesB.theothersC.thatD.theones
2)Theyareallveryclever,but_______ofthemcouldworktheproblemout.
A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither
3)Low-carbonlifestyleisofgreatbenefittoimprovingtheworldenvironment.However,______canbeenjoyedfromituntilyouhaveadeepunderstandingofit.
A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything
9.Ihopeyoudomovethere—thenIcancomeandvisityou,andwecangotothebeach.(P21)
在谓语动词前加do/does/did表示对动作的强调。
Shesaidshewouldgoandshe________go.
A.didn’tB.didC.reallyD.would
我离开家乡才两星期,但我真想父母亲。
ItisonlytwoweekssinceIleftmyhometown,butIdomissmyparents.
Project
Ⅰ重点句型:
1.TheRomanyarethoughttohavefirstcomefromIndia.
ItisthoughtthattheRomanyhavefirstcomefromIndia.
2.TheRomanyhaveneverwritedowntheirhistory,soitishardtoclarifytheiroriginsorexacthistory.
TheRomanyhaveneverwritedowntheirhistory,whichmakesithardtoclarifytheiroriginsorexacthistory.
3.ManypeopleoftenrefertotheRomanyas“travellers”.
TheRomanyareoftenreferredtoas“travellers”.
4.Theyresistmakingpermanenthomes,andchoosenottobecomecitizensofthecountriesthattheymoveto.
Theyresistmakingpermanenthomes,choosingnottobecomecitizensofthecountriestowhichtheymove.
5.Itbothmakesusfeelsympathyforthem,andalsomakesusthinkaboutwhywetendtohaveprejudiceagainstotherpeople.
Notonlydoesitmakesusfeelsympathyforthembutalsomakesusthinkaboutwhywetendtohaveprejudiceagainstotherpeople.
Ⅱ重点短语
1.和…有联系beassociatedwith
2.到处漫游wanderaround
3.…的历史thehistoryof
4.分成splitinto
5.写下历史writedownone’shistory
6.对……精确bepreciseabout
7.把……称之为referto…as…
8.讲英语的国家English-speakingcountries
9.定居staysettled
10.继续迁移,接着做moveonto
11.抵制做……resistdoingsth.
12.某人自己的ofone’sown
13.尊敬showrespectfor
14.由于dueto/thanksto/onaccountof
15.获得……的名声gainareputationas
16.文化冲突collisionofcultures
17.采取行动反对……takeactionagainst
18.禁止…做…(2个)ban/forbidsb.fromdoing
19.拆散家庭breakupone’sfamily
20.强迫…做…forcesb.todo
21.成为…的一部分becomepartof
22.生活在恐惧中liveinterror
23.把…划分为clarify…as…
24.大量alargenumberof/inlargenumbers
25.至多是临时性的betentativeatbest
26.同情,怜悯feelsympathyfor
27.倾向于做…tendtodo
对…有偏见haveprejudiceagainst
Ⅲ.重点解析
1.NogroupisassociatedmorewithmovingandtravelingthantheRomany,whohavebeenwanderingaroundEuropeandAsiafornearly1,000years.
★no/not/never+比较级+than“和…一样不”;“再…不过”;“再没有比…更”;“非常,十分”
e.g.
(1)他的英语讲得和我一样好。
HespeaksEnglishnoworsethanI.
(2)你挑选的礼物再好不过了。
Youcouldn’thavechosenabettergift.
morethan比…多;超过;不仅仅;nomorethan仅仅,和…一样少;不过是
notmorethan不超过,至多more+adj./adv.+than+adj./adv.“与其说…不如说”…
1)—HowisyourrecenttriptoSichuan?
—I’veneverhad_________onebefore.
A.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant
2)—Anneactsinanunfriendlyway.
—Ithinksheis__________thanunfriendly.
A.shyerB.shyC.moreshyratherD.moreshy
3)—Doyouneedanyhelp,Lucy?
—Yes.Thejobis________Icoulddomyself.
A.lessthanB.morethanC.nomorethanD.notmorethan
4)—Ifheworksharder,he________tosucceedinmedicine.
—Yes.Heis_______diligentthanever.
A.hopes,muchmoreB.wishes,nomoreC.promises,moreD.willbeableto,wouldrather
5)—Havetheirlivingconditionsimproved?
—No,________thanbefore,I’mafraid..
A.nobetterB.alittlebetterC.noworseD.noworse
2.TheRomanywerenottrusted,andthewaytheydressedandlookedwasareasonforprejudice.
theway+that/inwhich/省略+从句
thewaysb.do/does/didsth.某人做事的方式
我不喜欢你跟你母亲说话的方式。
Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourmother.
3.Theyresistedmakingpermanenthomes,andchoosenottobecomecitizensofthecountriesthattheymoveto.
★resistdoingsth.抵制、反对做…….can’tresistdoing…..忍不住做……
e.g.他强烈反对通过打工谋生。
Hestronglyresistedmakingaliving/supportinghimselfbytakingapart-timejob.
当我听到这个坏消息时,我忍不住哭了。
_When_Iheardthebadnews,Icouldn’tresist/helpcrying.
4.Lawswereoncemadetotryandbreakuptheirfamilies,andforcethemtosettleandbecomepartofsociety.
Aseveryoneknows,theSouthChinaSeais______partofChina,_____importantpartofChina,anyothercountryoutsideAsiadoesn’thave______sayinthisissue.
A.a,an,/B./,an,aC.a,the.theD.a,an,/
5.InSpain,lawswerepassedforbiddingtheuseoftheRomanylanguageandthewearingoftheirtraditionalclothes.
●forbidding为现在分词做定语,表示动作正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作几乎同时发生。
现在分词在句中充当宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语
ThiscollisionofculturesbetweenEuropeansandtheRomanyledtomanynationstakingactionagainstthem,evenbanningRomanygroupsfromentering.
●takingactionagainstthem为动名词短语,充当leadto的宾语。
动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
1)—Whydoyoulooksosad?
—Thereareso
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