英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx
- 文档编号:6665495
- 上传时间:2023-01-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:19
- 大小:87.60KB
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx
《英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》(2004年版)练习答案
【Chapter1】
7.tart:
loosewomanbloke:
fellow
gat:
pistolswell:
great
chicken:
cowardblue:
fight
smoky:
policefull:
drunk
dame:
womanbeaver:
girl
8.haply=perhapsalbeit=although
methinks=itseemstomeeke=also
sooth=truthmorn=morning
troth=pledgeere=before
quoth=saidhallowed=holy
billow=wave/theseabade=bid
12.
Denizens
Aliens
Translationloans
Semanticloans
kettle
die
wall
skirt
husband
confrere
propatria
Wunderkind
mikado
parvenu
chopstick
typhoon
blackhumour
longtimenosee
dream
【Chapter2】
Ex.1
TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.
2.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily
Balto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanic
RoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglish
LithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedish
PrussianIrishItalianGerman
PolishPortugueseNorweigian
SlavenianIcelandic
RussianDanish
BulgarianDutch
6.
Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.
MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.
8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]
falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]
saxophone[German+Greek]
heirloom[French+English]
josshouse[Portuguese+English]television
[Greek+Latin]
9.
amateur(late)finacé(late)empire(early)
peace(E)courage(E)garage(L)
judgement(E)chair(E)chaise(L)
grace(E)servant(E)routine(L)
jealous(E)savaté(L)genre(L)
gender(E)début(L)morale(L)
state(E)chez(L)ballet(L)
11.
allegro,f轻快
andante,j行板
diminuendo,g渐弱
largo,d缓慢
pianoforte,a轻转慢
alto,i女低音
crescendo,b渐强
forte,e强
piano,h轻
soprano,c女高音
12.
cherub(Hebrew)snorkel(G)
coolie(Hindi)tulip(Turk)
lasso(Sp)wok(Ch)
shampoo(Indian)chocolate(Mex)
tepee(AmInd)jubilee(Gr)
kibitz(G)Sabbath(Heb)
chipmunk(AmInd)tamale(Mex)
cotton(Arab)voodoo(Afr)
loot(Hindi)sauerbraten(G)
13.
a.alligatorb.loco
c.rodeod.bonanza
e.igloof.blitzkrieg
g.wigwamh.canoe
i.hurricanej.boomerang
k.panchos
【Chapter3】
1.a.morphemeb.allomorph
c.boundmorphemed.freemorpheme
e.affixf.informationalaffix
g.derivationalaffixh.root
i.stemj.base
3.individualistic
individualist+ic[stem,base]
individual+ist[stem,base]
individu+al[stem,base]
in+dividu[root,stem,base]
undesirables
un+desirable[stem,base]
desir+able[root,stem,base]
freemorpheme=freeroot
morphemeboundroot
boundmorphemeinflectionalaffix
affixprefix
derivationalaffix
suffix
【Chapter4】
Affixation
5.non-smokerincapableimpractical
disobeyinsecurityirrelevant
immatureinability/disabilityunofficially
unwillingnessillegaldisagreement
illogicaldisloyalinconvenient
non-athletic
6.hardenhorrifymodernize
memorizefalsifyapologize
deepenglorifysterilize
lengthenintensifybeautify
fattensympathize
a.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengthening
d.sympathizede.fattenf.falsify
g.memorizingh.Sterilize
7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participant
d.waitresse.conductorf.teacher
g.pianisth.examinee/examiner
8.
trans-=across:
transcontinental,trans-world
mono-=one:
monorail,monoculture
super-=over,above:
superstructure,supernatural
auto-=self:
autobiography,automobile
sub-=bad,badly:
malpractice,malnutrition
mini-=little,small:
minicrisis,miniwar
pre-=before:
prehistorical,preelection
ex-=former:
ex-teacher,ex-filmer
Compounding
heartbeat[S+V]brainwashing[V+O]
movie-goer[place+V]bakingpowder[V+adv]
far-reaching[V+Adv]dog-tired[adv+a]
lion-hearted[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]
boyfriend[S+complement]peace-loving[V+O]
snapdecision[V+O]easychair[a+n]
on-coming[V+adv]tax-free[adv+a]
light-blue[a+a]goings-on[V+adv]
4.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homebound
needlework/homeworkpraiseworthy/respectworthy
bar-woman/sportswomannation-wide/college-wide
clear-minded/strong-mindedmilitary-style/newstyle
self-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-related
water-proof/fire-proofonce-fashionable/once-powerful
news-film/news-lettermock-attack/mock-sadness
sister-in-law/father-in-lawhome-baked/home-produced
half-way/half-doneever-lasting/ever-green
age-conscious/status-consciouscampus-based/market-based
Conversion
7.a.stomach[n→v]
b.room[n→v]
c.wolf[n→v]
d.come/go[v→n]
e.familiar[a→n]
f.innocent[a→n]
g.flat[a→n]
h.ah/ouch[int→v]
i.warm[a→n]
j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev→n]
k.Hamlet[propern→v]
l.buy[v→n]
m.smooth[a→v]
Blending
motel(motor+hotel)
humint(human+intelligence)
advertisetics(advertisement+statistics)
psywarrior(psychologicalwarrior)
hoverport(hovercraft+port)
chunnel(channel+tunnel)
hi-fi(high+fidelity)
cinemactress(cinema+actress)
Clipping
copter(helicopter)dorm(dormitory)
lab(laboratory)prefab(prefabricatedhouse)
gas(gasoline)prof(professor)
scope(telescope)champ(champion)
sarge(sergeant)mike(microphone)
ad(advertisement)tec(detective)
Acronymy
2.kg=kilogramft=footcf=confer
cm=centimeter$=dollar
ibid=ibidemetc.=etcetera
VIP=veryimportantperson
OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries
TOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage
3.a.SALT
b.radar
c.AIDS
d.BASIC
e.Laser
f.WHO
g.sonar
h.G-man
Backformation
2.lase(laser)
escalate(escalator)
babysit(babysitter)
peeve(peevish)
orate(orator)
commute(commuter)
CommonizationofProperNames
a.tantalize—Tantalus
b.Argus-eyed—Argus
c.narcissism—Narcissus
d.sabotage—sabots
e.martinet—Martinet
f.yahoo—Yahoo
g.Shylock—Shylock
h.hoovering—Hoover
i.utopia—Utopia
j.UncleTommism—UncleTom
【Chapter5】
6.apes—bbirds—a
cattle—mcricket—n
doves—cfoxes—j
geese—ksheep—f
wolves—gmonkeys—e
pigs—lhyenas—h
turkeys—dswans—i
9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclearpowermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.
b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheendofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror",etc.
c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“mystery,science,knowledge”,etc.
10.talkative:
implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength(neutral)
articulate:
expressingoneselfeasilyandclearly(positive)
gossip:
indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers(negative)
rambling:
talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas(negative)
fluent:
speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively(positive)
mouthy:
overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway(nagative)
11.
No
Appreciative
Neutral
Pejorative
1
particular
fastidious/fussy
2
critical
fault-finding/picky
3
style/vogue
fad
4
artful
cunning/sly
5
unstable
fickle/capricious
6
developing
underdeveloped/backward
7
encourage/promote
instigate
8
group
clique/gang
14.bull[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
cow[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
calf[-HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]
rooster[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
hen[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
chicken[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
-HUMAN
bull
cow
calf
+BOVINE
rooster
hen
chicken
+GALLINE
+MALE
-MALE
+ADULT
【Chapter6】
Polysemy
4.
Homonymy
4.1)Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“haveenoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairofhomonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswertothelady’squestion.
(1)Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat(makewholesausageswithallmeat)becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet(Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnotearnenoughmoneytosurvive.)
(2)Don’tcomplain.Allthebutchersdothesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.
2)Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwesee,wecannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallowcanalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.
3)
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 词汇学 课后 答案 张维友编
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)