英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx

英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx

《英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语四级选词填空练习及答案

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscan__1__performanceatworkandschool.Cognitive（认识派的）researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon__2__andgiftsfromothers.

　　Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,__3__amongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmall__4__rewardsspeakscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements（刺激）indeed__5__inventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

　　“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively__6__task,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasyto__7__creativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.

　　Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsourhighgradesfor__8__achievementendsuPwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsand__9__failinggrades.

　　Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,shows__10__inraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

　　A）mental　　　B）promise　　　C）kill　　　D）avoid

　　E）hope　　　　F）especially　G）aid　　　　H）ordinary

　　I）approval　　J）monetary　　K）generally　L）improve

　　M）challenging　N）restore　　　O）excellent

Answers:

　　1.L　2.I　　3.F　　4.J　　5.G　　6.M　　7.C　　8.H　　9.N　　10.B

Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.Thereaderputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs__1__questions,andsoon.

　　Formostofthetimethis“conversation”goesonbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Attimes,however,webecome__2__ofit.Thisisusuallywhenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetween__3__andmeaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperienced,ourquestionofthetextcontinuesattheunconsciouslevel.

　　Differentpeople__4__withthetextdifferently.Somestayveryclosetothewordsonthepage,otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindofcomprehensionwhichis__5__inthetext.Thelatterrepresents__6__levelsofcomprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

　　Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewis__7__important,andthatistodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa“process”conversationas__8__toa“content”conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththe__9__weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderourabilitytoholdaprocessconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywell__10__.Notsoourabilitytoholdacontentconversation.

　　A）opposed　　B）converse　　C）equally　　D）written

　　E）developed　　F）strategies　　G）compared　　H）awake

　　I）higher　　J）expectations　　K）deal　　L）absolutely

　　M）aware　　N）better　　O）further

Answers:

　　1.O　　2.M　　3.J　　4.B　　5.D　　6.I　　7.C　　8.A　　9.F　　10.E

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhasever_____spellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuch_____itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyand_____inwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlya__4__childwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoid__5__language.That’swhyteachersoften__6__theearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience：

“Thisworkis__7__!

Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible（难以辨认的）.”ItmayhavebeenasharP__8__ofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,which__9__somebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeePfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcentredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmore__10__toseekimprovement.

　　A）priority　　B）criticismC）containedD）clearlyE）adventurousF）discourageG）motivation　　H）terribleI）ignoredJ）difficult　　K）encourageL）expressedM）confidently　　N）brightO）motiveL）expressed

Answers:

　　1.选I　　2.选A　　3.选M　　4.选N　5.选E　6.选K　　7.选H　　9.选C　　10.选G

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountof__1__orstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedas__2__orquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentare__3__yearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowto__4__withothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscan__5__affecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobe__6__thatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Thatoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthanthe__7__oflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadof__8__themselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoaches__9__ontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthatcriticism.Again,criticismcancreate__10__levelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

A）process　B）highC）enjoying　　D）anxietyE）settle　　F）cautious

G）cooperate　　H）greatlyI）dropping　　J）hardlyK）intense

L）focusM）aspirationN）criticalO）procedure

ANSWERS：

　　1.D　　2.I　　3.N　　4G　　5.H　　6.F　　7.A　　8.C　　9.L　　10.B

ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswasheldinAthens（雅典）in1896andonlytwelvenationsparticipated.Besidesthehostnationmanparticipantsweretouristswho__1__tobeinGreeceatthetime.Thoughthewholeaffairwas__2__andthestandardwasnothigh,theoldprincipleofamateursportwaskeptup.Sincethenthegameshadbeenheldeveryfouryearsexceptduringthe__3__ofthetwoWorldWar.Thiswas__4__adeparturefromtheoldOlympicspiritwhenwarshadtostoPandmakewayforthegames.Thegameshavegrownenormouslyinscaleand__5__performanceshavenowreachedunprecedentedheights.Unfortunatelythesamecannotbesaidabouttheir__6__standard.InsteadofOlympia,themoderngamesarenowheldindifferentcitiesallovertheworld.Inevitablypoliticsandcommercialismgetinvolvedascountriesvieeachotherfor（为......而互相竞争）the__7__toholdthegamesbecauseofthepoliticalprestigeandcommercialprofittobe__8__outofthem.Inthe11thgamesheldinBerlinin1936,Hitlerwhohadnewlycometo__9__inGermanytriedtousetheoccasionforhisNazipropaganda.ForthefirsttimetheOlympicflamewasbroughtallthewayfromOlympiatothegamessiteinrelays,amarathonjourneynowoftentakingmonthsto__10__.A）honourB）accomplishC）hadD）moralE）arriveF）occuredG）endH）powerI）happenedJ）definitelyK）PhysicalL）informalM）interruptionN）especiallyO）irregular

ANSWERS:

　　1.选I　　　2.选L　　　3.选M　4.选J　　　5.选K　　　6.选D　　　7.选A　　　8.选C　　　9.选H　　　10.选B　

It’snevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyou’vejudgedroughly,said__1__things,pushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyand__2__thatyouweresorry.Abitfrightening,isn’tit?

FrighteningbecausesomedeePwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingis__3__,anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedand__4__isexpressed.Irememberadoctorfriend,tellingmeaboutamanwhocametohimwithavarietyofsigns:

headaches,insomniaandstomachtrouble.No__5__causecouldbefound.Finallymyfriendsaidtotheman,"Unlessyoutellmewhat’sworryingyou,Ican’thelPyou."Aftersomehesitation,theman__6__that,asexecutorofhisfaher’swill,hehadbeencheatinghisbrother,wholivedabroad,ofhis__7__.Thenandtherethewiseolddoctormadethemanwritetohisbrotherasking__8__andenclosingachequeasthefirststePinrestoringtheirgoodrelation.Hethenwentwithhimtomailboxinthecorridor.Astheletterdisappeared,themanburstintotears."Thankyou,"Hesaid,"IthinkI’m__9