卫生类职称英语教材新增文章2.docx
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卫生类职称英语教材新增文章2.docx
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卫生类职称英语教材新增文章2
2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载
阅读理解新增文章(共4篇)
目录:
第十八篇(B级):
ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics
第二十四篇(B级):
PreventingChlidMaltreatment
第十八篇
ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics
Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeⅡdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesiustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.
ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet'sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.
Thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.
Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeII,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2
AssociateProfessor3Dr.HemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.
“Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,”Delawasquotedassaying.6
Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.
Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.
Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareof9theimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.
词汇:
Insulinn.胰岛素utilise(=utilize)vt.利用,使用
diabeticadj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者medicationn.药物,药物治疗
subjectn.实验对象
diabetesn.糖尿病;多尿症utilisation(=utilization)n.利用,使用
briskadj.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的
Copenhagenn.哥本哈根(丹麦首都)sayingn.格言
hormonen.激素
musclen.肌肉pancreasn.胰(腺)
注释:
1.beequalto:
等于
2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:
作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。
从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。
3.associateprofessor:
副教授
4.…cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:
不能治好人们的糖尿病。
curesb.ofsth.:
给某人医治某病。
例如:
Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。
5.putoff:
推迟,延期
6.Delawasquotedassaying:
Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。
注意谓语是被动语态。
7.workup:
逐步引起,激起
8.wearoff:
逐渐消失
9.(be)unawareofsth.:
不知道,没觉察
练习:
1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?
ABytakingmoresalt.thanusual.
BBytakinglesssaltthanusual.
CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.
DBygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.
2.Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby
A70percent.B30percent.
C60percent.Donlyafewpercent.
3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalincluded
Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.BelderlytypeIIdiabeticmen.
Cbothsexesofallages.DbothAandB.
4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?
ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.
BTothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.
CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.
DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.
5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseistheimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.
AaspoorlyunderstoodasBaswellunderstoodas
ClessunderstoodthanDbetterunderstoodthan
答案与题解:
1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。
至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。
2.B文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。
3.D此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。
4.A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。
5.C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性
第二十四篇
PreventingChildMaltreatment
Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.
Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless.internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).
Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls,bumsanddrowning.
Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.4
Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereisaneconomicimpact,includingcostsofhospitalization,mentalhealthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.
Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.
Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblamefor5maltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.6
词汇:
maltreatmentn.虐待impairvt.损害
consequencen.结局,结果viaprep.通过,用
prevalencen.流行transmitvt.传染,传播
approximatelyadv.大约,大概likelihoodn.可能性
abusevt&n.滥用;虐待adolescentn.青春期之男孩或女孩
homiciden.杀人
attributevt.归因于persistentlyadv.坚持地,持续地
disruptionn.扰乱
注释:
l.besubjectto:
遭受……
2.bereferredtoas:
被当做……
3.beattributedto:
把……归因于……
4.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural.physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.
因此,那些曾被虐待的儿童,到了成人期,在行为、生理以及心理等方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。
通过行为和心理上对健康的影响,虐待又会导致其出现心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。
5.toblamefor:
因……怪罪,责怪(某人)
6.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.
有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性,如四岁以下或正处于青春期,被觉得是多余的,或者不能实现父母的愿望,有特殊要求,不停地哭闹或者身体有异常等。
练习:
1.ThedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatmentisduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.
Achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem
Bthereisnoexactdateaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries
Cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatecollectors
Ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.
B25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.
C25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.
D60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.
3.Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothefollowingtypesEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.
AdrowninginswimmingBdiarrhea
CburnsDfalls
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?
AThechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhen、hegrowsup.
BChildmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.
CChildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.
DThechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.
5.ThemaltreatedchidlrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.
Atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry
Btheyareininfant’sorinadolescentperiod
Ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends
Dthevoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents
答案与题解:
1.C文中第一段提到了虐待儿童是一全球问题,无法获得中低收入国家中儿童受虐数字资料,第二段开头提到了儿童受虐数字难以统计的另外一个原因,即研究方法的差异性,只有专业统计人员是否缺乏没有提及,因此答案为C。
2.B文中第二段对数字有明确说明。
3.B文中第三段指出每年15岁以下儿童死亡大概在31,000人,该数字大大低估了实际情况,是因为有相当多的由于受虐而导致死亡的儿童被归因为摔死、烧死、淹死。
没有明确指出腹泻,因此可推断出该题答案为B。
4.A文中提到虐待儿童会导致其出现身体上的疾病,包括神经系统,免疫系统,大脑发育,以及成年后出现的疾病,但那没有提到是否会对其记忆力产生影响,因此,答案为A。
5.D参见注释
完型填空新增文章(共4篇)
目录:
第七篇(B级):
Exercise
第八篇(B级):
FoodSafetyandFoodborneIllness
第七篇
Exercise
Weatherornotexerciseadds
(1)thelengthoflife,itiscommonexperiencethatacertain
(2)ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.
Furthermore,exercise(3)involvesplayandrecreation,andrelievesnervoustensionand
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