届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例.docx
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届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例.docx
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届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例
2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例
完形填空之说明文文体
StepI说明文类完形填空的命题特点
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明,文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。
说明文所呈现的方式较为单一,作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。
由于以上特点,这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面,所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意,尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。
StepII2012·年全国新课标卷的完形填空试题(说明文)
Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!
Itspeaks__36__thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmore__37__thanwerealize.Infact,non-verbalcommunication(非言语交际)takesupabout50%ofwhatwereally__38__.Andbodylanguageisparticularly__39__whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures(文化).Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso__40__apartofusthatit'sactuallyoftenunnoticed.
Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.__41__,differentsocietiestreatthe__42__betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving__43__contact(接触)evenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwith__44__.PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries,__45__,toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it'spossiblethatin__46__,itmaylooklikeaLatinois__47__aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving__48__.TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness,willkeep__49__—whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardas__50__.
Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople__51__.Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefrom__52__cultures,there'sastrongpossibilityof__53__.Butwhateverthesituation,thebest__54__istoobeytheGoldenRule:
treatothersasyouwouldliketobe__55__.
36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.further
37.A.sandsB.invitationsC.feelingsD.messages
38.A.hopeB.receiveC.discoverD.mean
39.A.immediateB.misleadingC.importantD.difficult
40.A.wepB.farC.muchD.long
41.A.ForexampleB.ThusC.HoweverD.Inshort
42.A.tradeB.distanceC.connectionsD.greetings
43.A.eyeB.verbalC.bodilyD.telephone
44.A.strangersB.RelativesC.neighboursD.Enemies
45.A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhandC.inasimilarwayD.byallmeans
46.A.troubleB.conversationC.silenceD.experiment
47.A.disturbingB.HelpingC.guidingD.following
48.A.closerB.fasterC.inD.away
49.A.steppingforwardB.goingonC.backingawayD.comingout
50.A.weaknessB.carelessnessC.friendlinessD.coldness
51.A.talkB.travelC.laughD.think
52.A.differentB.EuropeanC.LatinoD.rich
53.A.curiosityB.excitementC.misunderstandingD.nervousness
54.A.chanceB.timeC.resultD.advice
55.A.noticedB.treatedC.respectedD.pleased
StepIII解答说明文类完形填空的应试策略(以2012年完形试题为例)
1.利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
说明文一般开头点题,即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。
这篇文章的首句为:
Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!
故文章说明的主体就是“bodylanguage”。
2.把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。
包括“总—分、分—总、总—分—总”等具体形式。
本篇文章采用“总—分—总”模式,即先说明“bodylanguage”的重要性,然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明,即“NorthernEuropeans”和“PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries”在交流中的“bodylanguage”,最后作总结。
(2)递进式。
事理说明文多用递进式结构,一层一层地剖析事理。
具体包括:
空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;
时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排,事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程;
逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果,具有严密的条理性。
StepIV解答说明文类完形填空的3个解题步骤
第一步:
通过短文首尾句抓主旨
说明文的篇首会出现话题中心,通过首段可把握文章的主题;而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。
利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意:
身势语在交际中的重要性,并举了一些相关的例子。
第二步:
填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系
文章第一段可以分为三个意群。
第一个意群为前两句,提出“bodylanguage”的重要性超过了语言,故__36__题自然成为louder;
第二个意群第3、4句,从专家的角度列举论据;
第三个意群为5~13句,其中心内容为:
Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso__40__apartofusthatit'sactuallyoftenunnoticed.Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.;然后以8~13句的具体事例说明中心内容。
在第一段说明“bodylanguage”在交际中的重要作用的基础上,第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法,即第三段的最后一句:
treatothersasyouwouldliketobe__55__。
第三步:
重览短文,查缺补漏
通读文章,检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误,同时填补遗留的空缺。
stepV应用体验---------(2013·安徽高考)
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a ___36_____ reason, such as your job or your studies?
___37____ perhaps you’re interested in the ___38____ ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a ___39____ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of ___40____, but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They ___41___ an environment where you can practice under the ___42___ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ___43___ lives and learning a language takes __44___. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ___45___. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46____.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47___,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48___ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ___49___. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people ___50___ about the mistakes they make when ___51___. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52____ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never ___53___. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be ___54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___55___ own language. Good luck!
36.A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical
37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or
38.AliteratureB.transportC.agricultureD.medicine
39.AviewB.knowledgeC.formD.database
40.ApaintingsB.regulationsC.methodsD.computers
41.A.protectB.changeC.respectD.provide
42.A.controlB.commandC.guidanceD.pressure
43.A.busyB.happyC.simpleD.normal
44.A.courageB.timeC.energyD.place
45.A.theoryB.businessC.routineD.project
46.A.somerisksB.alotlessC.somenotesD.alotmore
47.A.oldB.nervousC.weakD.tired
48.A.closelyB.quicklyC.privatelyD.quietly
49.A.ageB.speedC.distanceD.school
50.A.worryB.hesitateC.thinkD.quarrel
51.A.singingB.workingC.bargainingD.learning
52.A.ifB.andC.butD.before
53.A.tiresomeB.hardC.interestingD.easy
54.A.blamedB.amazedC.interruptedD.informed
55.A.theirB.hisC.ourD.your
提示:
读懂文章是关键
1.文章大意:
本文是一篇说明文。
文章就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间的关系等进行了讨论。
2.文章脉络:
探讨学习外语的原因→探讨学习外语的方法→探讨学习外语与年龄、犯错误之间的关系→总结:
努力、坚持学就有会有所收获。
stepV随堂即时训练
Childrenhavelosttouchwithnatureandtheoutdoorsinjustonegeneration!
Recentlyacampaignencouragingchildrentoputaway__1__andplayoutsidehasbeenorganized.Thecampaign,saidtobethebiggest__2__,hasbeenlaunchedwiththe__3__ofadocumentaryfilm,ProjectWildThing.Ittellsthestoryofhow,__4__anattempttogethisdaughterandsonoutside,film-makerDavidBond__5__asmarketingdirectorfornature.
Thecalltorenewa__6__withnaturecomesfromabout400organizations,fromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthService.Childrenarebeing__7__totakebacktheir“wildtime”,__8__30minutesofscreenuseforoutdooractivities.Theorganizers__9__thatgivingup30minutesoftelevisionandcomputergameseachdayinexchangeforoutdoorplaywillincreasethe__10__offitnessandalertnessandimprovechildren'swell-being.
AccordingtothechairmanAndySimpson,rightnow,timespentoutdoorsis__11__,activitylevelsaredecliningandtheabilitytoidentifycommonspecieshasbeen__12__.
“Withmanymoreparentsbecoming__13__thedominance(统治地位)ofscreentimeintheirchildren'slives,andgrowingscientificevidencethatadeclinein__14__timeisbadnewsforthehealthandhappinessofourchildren,weallneedtobecomemarketingdirectorsfornature.Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids'development,independenceandcreativity,bygivingwildtimea__15__,”saidMr.Simpson.
InMr.Bond'sopinion,thereasonswhykids,__16__theyliveincitiesorthecountryside,havebecome__17__fromnatureandtheoutdoorsarecomplex.“Weneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren'sdailyroutine,__18__thisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted.It'sallaboutfinding__19__onyourdoorstepanddiscoveringthesights,soundsand__20__ofnature—maybeinabackgarden,alocalpark,orjustgreenspaceattheendoftheroad.”
1.A.subjectsB.screensC.stagesD.scenes
2.A.everB.likelyC.thenD.even
3.A.outcomeB.directionC.exposureD.release
4.A.byB.onC.forD.in
5.A.behavesB.actsC.treatsD.regards
6.A.connectionB.commitmentC.contractD.campaign
7.A.pulledB.forcedC.urgedD.warned
8.A.providingB.takingC.swappingD.preparing
9.A.allowB.admitC.acquireD.argue
10.A.amountsB.levelsC.degreesD.standards
11.A.downB.upC.overD.off
12.A.developedB.shownC.testedD.lost
13.A.delightedwithB.guiltyofC.concernedaboutD.desperatefor
14.A.freeB.activeC.spareD.normal
15.A.goB.bitC.lookD.fit
16.A.whileB.thoughC.asD.whether
17.A.escapedB.disconnectedC.sufferedD.protected
18.A.freeingB.forbiddingC.seekingD.serving
19.A.imaginationB.fortuneC.wildnessD.solution
20.A.sensesB.voicesC.featuresD.smells
完形填空之议论文文体
StepI议论文类完形填空的命题特点
议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体,它一般由三个要素组成:
论点、论据、结论。
要做好议论文型完形填空,最重要的是抓住作者的论点。
StepII2014·新课标卷Ⅰ卷的完形填空试题(议论文)
Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyaareperformedonaroutine(常规)basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis__41___atworkinpeopleofall___42___.Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout___43___with
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