江苏大学研究生英语总结下学期.docx
- 文档编号:6629180
- 上传时间:2023-01-08
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:32.17KB
江苏大学研究生英语总结下学期.docx
《江苏大学研究生英语总结下学期.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《江苏大学研究生英语总结下学期.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
江苏大学研究生英语总结下学期
考试题型:
1.回答问题
2.文体对比stylisticfeatures:
subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的)
3.语篇分析---textualdevelopment/analogy
4.语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了
Therearenumerousreasonsfor……atfirst,…….secondly,….Inaddition,/additionally,/furthermore,…/whatismore,
Unit1GeneralIntroductiontoProfessionalPaperWriting
1.1Classificationofprofessionalpaper
Aprofessionalpaperisaformalprinteddocumentinwhichprofessionalspresenttheirviewsandresearchfindingsonanydeliberatelychosentopic.
1)Reportpaper读书报告2)Researchpaper研究论文
3)Coursepaper课程论文4)Thesispaper(Dissertation)学术论文
1.2GeneralCharacteristicsofEnglishAcademicWritingStyle
Generally,EnglishAcademicwritingis:
1)complex(复杂)--Writtenlanguageisrelativelymorecomplexthanspokenlanguage
2)formal(正式)--Academicwritingisrelativelyformal.Formalwritingdoesn’tusecontractions,colloquialismsandslang.
3)impersonalandobjective(客观)--Writtenlanguageisingeneralobjectiveratherthanpersonal.Itthereforehasfewerwordsthatrefertothewriterorthereader.Thismeansthatthemainemphasisshouldbeontheinformationthatyouwanttogiveandtheargumentsyouwanttomake,ratherthanyou.
4)explicit(清楚)--Academicwritingisexplicitabouttherelationshipsinthetext.Furthermore,itistheresponsibilityofthewriterinEnglishtomakeitcleartothereaderhowthevariouspartsofthetextarerelated.
5)accurate(准确)--Academicwritingusesvocabularyaccurately.Mostsubjectshavewordswithnarrowspecificmeanings.
6)cautiousortentative(用词谨慎)
7)responsible(负责)---Academicwritingreferstoinformationfromarangeofprint,digitalandothersources,allofwhichmustbeclearlyreferencedinyourtextreferencesotherwriters’work.
Question&Exercises:
Readthefollowingtwopassagesandtrytofindoutthestylisticfeaturesofeach.
Answer:
Comparedwiththesetwopassages,Ifindthattherearedifferencesinstyles,
passage1isinformal,subjective,forexample:
“I’m......”,“don’t......”
Whilethesecondpassageisascientificresearchpaper,it’sformal,objectiveandcomplex,forexample,(长句,被动语态等)
(subjective---objective,simple---complex,forexample......)
Unit2Title,Author/AffiliationandKeywords
2.1Titles
2.1.1.Generalfunctions
1).GeneralizingtheText(总结全文)
2).AttractingtheReader(吸引读者)
3).FacilitatingtheRetrieval(方便检索)
2.1.2.LinguisticFeatures做分析题时候,可以根据下面的格式进行分析。
1)UsingMoreNouns,NounPhrasesandGerunds(使用名词、名词短语和动名词)
Thewordsorphrasesusedinatitleareveryoftennouns,nounphrasesorgerunds,nominalization,whichusuallyarekeywordsforthepaper,havingtheabilitytosumupthewholetext.
Forexample,wemayeasilyfindsuchtitlesas:
句子背不下来就不要用
(1)WorkingmechanismapplicationofLED
(2)Civilization'sSourceandItsImplication.
(3)AMulti-perspectiveAccountofMetlinguisticNegation.
(4)ResearchontheMotivationsofLexisandVocabularyLearningStrategies.
2)UsingIncompleteSentences(使用不完整的句子)
Atitleisjustalabelofappellationofthepaper,reflectingthemainideaofthecontent,soevenwhenthereisaneedtogiveatitleintheformofasentence,itdoesnotneedtobeacompletesentence.
Forexample,“意识形态是文化的特殊样态”.
2.3Keywords
2.3.1GeneralFunctions:
A.EasinessofRetrieval(检索方便)B.EasinessofHighlighting(突出醒目)
2.3.1LinguisticFeatures
A.Nominalization(名词化):
Keywordsareusuallyusedintheformofnouns,notverbs.Forexample,investigate--investigation;fabricate--fabrication;educate--education.
B.LimitedNumber(关键字数目有限):
Thenumberofthekeywordsforapapershouldbelimited.Min–max(2-8),average(4-6).
C.DesignatedChoice(不能随意选择):
Thekeywordsofapaperusuallycomefromthetitleand/ortheabstract.
Exercises
Correctthemistakesinthefollowingtitlesaccordingtothewritingrequirementsyou'velearntinthisunit.
1.DigitalLaserMicrointerferometerandItsApplying.(Applying----Application)
2.MeasuringofSurfaceShapeandDeformationbyPhase-shiftingImageDigitalHolography.(Measuring---Measurement)
3.TheEffectsofthePatientAgeandPhysicianTrainingontheChoiceandDoseofAnti-melancholicDrugs.(去掉所有的“the”)
4.ScopeoftheInvestigations:
theFirstPhase.(去掉第一个“the”)
5.ANewBroadbandUniformAccuracyDOAEstimator.(DOA---标题不具体,太宽泛extensive)
Unit3Abstract
一般出现下面问题时,可以从如下几点回答:
(1)Commentonthefollowingabstract
(2)Analyzethefollowingabstract?
Answer:
a,Complex(复杂)--sentences’structure.
b,Objective(客观)--nopersonalpronounisusedintheabstractabove.
c,Theactivevoiceiscommonlyusedinit.(主动语态)
d,Theinformationofanabstractisarrangedinoneparagraph.(一个段落)
(3)Analyzetheproblemsexitinginthefollowingabstract?
Answer:
a,Informal(不正式)-Forexample,”Ithink”.
b,Over-simplifiedStatements(表述过分简单)
c,MonotonousExpression(单一的表达)
d,Mixedwritingstyle
e,Incompletecontents(内容不完整)
f,Displacementofinformation(摘要各成分之间顺序混乱,篇幅不合理)
1.语态单一(全主动或全被动)
2.口语化
3.太过简单和复杂
4.摘要各成分之间顺序混乱
5.摘要各成分之间篇幅不合理
3.1.DefinitionofAbstract
Anabstractisabriefandself-containedsummaryandanaccuraterepresentationofthecontentsofadocumentsuchasaresearchpaper,ajournalarticle,thesis,review,conferenceproceeding,andotheracademicdocuments.
Thepurposeofanabstractistoprovideprospectivereaderstheopportunitytojudgetherelevanceofthelongerworkoftheirprojects.
3.4.ClassificationofAbstracts
Dependingonwhichinformationtheycontain,abstractscanbeclassifiedintomajortypes:
indicative(ordescriptive)abstracts,informativeabstracts,indicative-informativeabstractsandauthorabstracts.
descriptiveabstract把问题进行了概述但对研究结果未提及,而在informationalabstract中提供了主要研究结果。
因此,信息型文摘提供的信息比叙述型文摘要多。
1)Indicative(ordescriptive)abstracts(指示性摘要):
Anindicativeabstractordescriptiveabstractisonethatdescribesthetypeandnatureoftheworkabstracted,indicatingtheprincipalsubjectscoveredandprovidingabriefdescriptionofthewaythefactsaretreatedandthemethodsortechniquesthatarebeingreported.
2)Informativeabstracts(信息类摘要):
Aninformativeabstractsummarizesasmuchastheessentialelementsofthedocumentaspossible,presentingandexplainingallthemainmaterialcontentsinthecompletearticle/paper/book.
3)indicative/informativeabstracts(综合性摘要):
Itpresentsasummaryoftheessentialargumentsandfindingsoftheoriginal,whilstthoseaspectsofthedocumentthoseareofminorsignificancearetreatedindicatively.
4)Authorabstract:
Authorabstractsareabstractspreparedbyauthorsofthedocumentthathasbeensubjectedtoabstracting.
5)Slantedabstract(专业性摘要)
6)Telegraphicabstract
7)Mini-abstract
8)Mission-orientedabstract
9)Finding-orientedabstract:
Afinding-orientedabstractismostoftenusedwhen:
(1).applyingforresearchgrants
(2).completingthePhDdissertationorM.A.thesis
(3).writingaproposalforaconferencepaper
10)Highlightabstract
3.5.BasicComponentsoftheabstract:
Anabstractusuallyincludesthefollowingcomponents:
Background(背景):
Statebrieflythetopicandscopeofthestudy.
Purpose/Objective/Aim(目的)(WhatIwanttodo?
):
Definetheresearchquestionstobeaddressed.
Approach/Procedures/Methods/Design(方法)(HowIdidit?
):
Provideanoverviewoftheresearchdesign,methodsofdatacollection,andanalysis.
Results/Findings(结果):
Summarizethekeyfindingsinthecourseofwork
Conclusions/Implications(总结)(WhatresultsdidIgetandwhatconclusionscanIdraw?
):
Statethekeyconclusionsandpracticalimplicationsbasedthefindings..
Originality(独创之处)(Whatisnewandoriginalinthispaper).
3.6“5Steps”forAbstractWriting
1UnderliningKeyWordsandSentences(画出关键的词和句子)
2ListingEssentialPointsofthePaper(列出全文的重点)
3BoilingdownEachSectiontoaSentenceorTwo(归结每个部分的大意)
4DraftingtheAbstract(起草摘要)
5CheckingtheFinalDraft(最终校对)
3.7“5AStrategy”
5questionstobeansweredbeforewritingabstract:
Q1:
Whatisthegeneralknowledgeofyourtopicintheacademicfield?
Q2:
Whatresearchtopicisthepapertofocuson?
Q3:
Whatmethodormaterialdoyouusetosupportyourmainpointofview?
Q4:
Whatconclusionwillyoudraw?
Q5:
Whatisthemaincontributionofthepaper?
Table1.TheStructureof“5AStrategy”
A1:
background
Sentence
(1)
A2:
maintopic
Sentence
(2)
A3:
specificinvestigations
Sentences(3)(4)(5)
A4:
result&suggestion
Sentence(6)
As:
conclusion&contribution
Sentence(7)
3.8.LikelyMistakes/CommonErrors(一般出题形式是Giveyourcommentsonthefollowingabstracts.)
1).Informal(不正式)-Forexample,”Ithink”.
2).Over-simplifiedStatements(表述过分简单)
3).MonotonousExpression(单一的表达)
4).Mixedwritingstyle
5).Incompletecontents(内容不完整)
6).Displacementofinformation(摘要各成分之间顺序混乱,篇幅不合理)
3.10.5Simplifythefollowingbynounclusters.
1.Thisisabridgemadeofstone(stonebridge).
2.Intheteachingofmathematics,thedominantmodeofinstruction(instructionmode)isgenerallytraditional.
3.Studentsareexpectedtomeetadeadlineforthesubmissionofapaper(thepapersubmission).
4.Theintroductionofmechanismofcompetition(competitionmechanism)broughtvigorandvitalityintotheenterprise.
5.Therearesignsthattherateofbirth(birthrate)intheworldisdropping.
Unit4Introduction
4.1GeneralFunctionsofIntroduction
1)IntroducingtheSubject(介绍主题)
2)LimitingtheResearchScope(缩小搜索范围)
3)StatingtheGeneralPurpose(简要说明目的)
4)ShowingtheWritingArrangement(展示写作的安排)
4.2.StructuralFeaturesofIntroductionandSomeIdiomaticExpressions(结构特点和惯用表达)(一篇文章能找出哪些是背景、哪些是前任工作的优缺点和将要进行的工作的焦点)
Therearethreestructuralfeaturesofintroduction:
1)StartingwiththeResearchBackground(以研究背景开始)
H
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 江苏 大学研究生 英语 总结 下学