中考英语重点单词短语用法归类.docx
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中考英语重点单词短语用法归类.docx
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中考英语重点单词短语用法归类
2015中考英语:
重点单词、短语用法归类
1.cost/take/spend/pay花费花费时间做某事:
Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.某人花钱买某物:
sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.※spend和pay主语都是人,cost主语是物。
※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?
Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday. 2.thanksfor 为…而感谢 ⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.3.感叹句:
多么…what+名词how+形容词/副词⑴.______badweather!
⑵.______hardheworks!
⑶.______freshvegetables!
⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis!
4.因为、由于:
because(连词)+从句:
(表示原因)becauseof(介词短语)+名词(短语)=thanksto⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.Hecan’tcome_____heisill.Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.※because和so不能同时连用.5.来自:
befrom=comefrom⑴Whereareyoufrom?
=Where______you____________?
⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.6.Howoften对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短语Howlong对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语Howsoon对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用in+时间段Howfar询问多长距离(多长)⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?
-Fortenyears.⑵-______doyougoshopping?
-Sometimes.⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?
-Intwoyears.⑷-_____doyouexercise?
-Onceaweek.⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?
-Abouttenmiles.⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?
-Twoweeks.7.乘交通工具:
takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有:
train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.※骑自行车、马或驴用ride:
rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar8.对不起:
Excuseme(劳驾,客套话)Sorry(表示道歉)⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?
⑵–Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?
-______.I’lldoitrightaway.⑶-Don’teatinclass.-_____.MsClark.⑷_____,isthisthewaytothestation?
9.声音:
sound(自然界各种声音)noise(噪音)voice(悦耳的声音:
嗓子)⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.10.looklike(外貌看起来像…)belike(性格像…)⑴Lily__________Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.11.take…to…带去bring…to…带来fetch没有方向性(强调来回)⑴Tony.______theballhere.Please.⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.12.一些:
some用于肯定句any用于否定句和疑问句⑴I’dlike______milk.⑵–Wouldyoulike______yogurt?
_Thanks.Idon’twant______.※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some.13.多少:
Howmany修饰可数名词复数Howmuch修饰不可数名词⑴______juicedoyouwant?
⑵______applesdoyouwant?
⑶-______istheT-shirt?
–It’s30yuan.※Howmuch可对价钱提问:
Howmucharethepotatoes?
14.看:
see强调看的结果look(at)不及物动词,强调看的动作watch观看:
比赛、电视、表演、电影read读,朗读:
看书、看报、看信、看杂志⑴Don’t______inbed.⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie
15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下来去做别的事⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).⑵Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest.
16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:
△forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作:
△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→Heforgotturningoffthelight.(已做过关灯的动作)Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
17.到达…reach+地点getto+地点reach=gettoarrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。
如:
gethomegetthere省略to
18.擅长,在…方面做得好:
begoodat=dowellin.⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.
19.win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprizebeat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?
⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.
20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。
⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?
=Canyou______yourbike______me?
⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?
-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.※类似用法的还有:
buy—haveputon—wearbecome—beleave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beondie—bedeadreturn—beback①becomeHehas______adoctor.Hehas______adoctorfor10years.②beginThefilmhas______.Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.
21.能,会。
beabletocan※情态动词后面都接动词原形。
⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.⑵Ican______(play)theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.
22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)have/hasbeenin/at在某地⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.⑶–Whereisyourbrother?
-He____________toHainan.⑷_____youever____________Disneyland?
24.usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.⑴XiaoGang__________________afraidofthedark.⑵Thebroomis____________cleantheroom.=Thebroomis____________cleaningtheroom.⑶He__________________livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.⑷Wood_______________makingpaper.25.belongto+名词/人称代词宾格(属于)be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词(是)⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.⑵Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto______(my).⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.
26.can’t不可能0表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪must肯定、一定100﹪⑴TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.⑵Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.⑶Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.
27.bemadefrom(由…制成)看不出原材料bemadeof(由…制成)看得出原材料⑴Thetable__________________wood.⑵Paper__________________wood.
28.prefertodosth宁愿做某事prefersth.tosth.喜欢…而不喜欢…preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢做…而不喜欢做…⑴Iprefer______(swim)to______(play)balls.⑵He_______fishtobeef.⑶Ipreferto______(walk)towork.
29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词:
—ed修饰人—ing修饰物⑴Iwanttogosomewhere______(relaxing/relaxed).⑵Sheis______inthis______historystory.(interesting/interested)※interesting(有趣的)—interested(感兴趣的)tiring(累人的)—tired(累的,疲倦的)boring(令人无聊的)—bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的)surprising(令人惊讶的)—surprised(惊讶的)relaxing(令人放松的)—relaxed(放松的)embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的)—embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)
30.thenumberof+名词复数(…的数量)作主语,谓语用单数。
anumberof+名词复数(许多、一些)=many⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.
31.for+一段时间since+时间点/过去时的句子⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.※for和since可以相互转换。
如:
Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.
32.除…之外except(不包括在内)→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.besides(包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.⑴Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.⑵Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.
33.already用于肯定句中(已经)yet用于疑问句末(已经)用于否定句末(还)⑴Haveyouseenthefilm______?
⑵Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.⑶Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.
34.否定祈使句Don’t+v.No+v.ing/n.⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.
35.也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?
either放否定句末also放肯定句中※also放在实意动词前,be之后。
⑴Sheisagirl.Iamagirl.______.⑵He______likescollectingthings.⑶Lilydoesn’tlikejunkfood.Hergoodfrienddoesn’tlikeit._______.⑷-Ilikesoapoperas.–Ido,_____.⑸-Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.–Ican’t,_____.
36.bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格MissZhang_______________herworkandshe_______________herstudents.
37.需要做某事needtodosth主语是人needdoingsth主语是物⑴Theclassroom_____cleaning.It’stoodirty.⑵Children_____tosleepalot.⑶It’sveryhotanddry.Youneed______(wear)coolclothesandtheflowersneed______(water).
38.through→介词:
从内部穿过(park)across→介词:
从表面穿过cross→动词(road.street.bridge)⑴Becarefulwhenyou______thestreet.⑵Themanwent______theforest.⑶Thetrain
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