高级英语参考资料.docx
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高级英语参考资料.docx
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高级英语参考资料
Lesson2Marrakech
1.GeorgeOrwell
HereceivedgoodeducationinBritainandstudiesinthemostfamousschool“Eden”.Hetraveledwidely.Marrakechisoneoftheplaceshetraveledto.Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardimperialism.Heshoulddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.
HejoinedSpanishWar.Hewasseriouslywounded.TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofaction.Thafactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted.Sohebecamesopessimisticanddepressed,whichledhimtowardanti-communistattitude.
2.BackgroundofMarrakech
2.1NameandPosition
Marrakechhasmanyspellingways,suchas,MarrakechinFrenchandMarraquechinSpanish.ThecommonEnglishspellingis“Marrakesh”.Themeaningofthiscity’snameis“landofGod”.
Marrakechisknownasthe“redcity”or“OchreCity”.
MarrakechisamajorcityinthenorthwestAfricannationofMorocco.AndalsointhewestoftheAtlasMountains,thehighestmountainousbarrierinNorthAfrica.
Marrakechfeaturesasemi-aridclimate,withmilddampwintersandhotdrysummers.
2.2History
Marrakech,theimperialcitywasfoundin1062bysultanyoussefbentachfinewhoiscreditwithconstructionofthedefensivewallsthatencirclethecityandthespectacularcitywallsarevaryingincolorbetweenpinkandred.Thenthiscitycameintoit’sprosperity.
Marrakechhasbeenfamousforit’ssevensaintsformanycenturies.TheyhaveafestivalofsevensaintsandestablisheditwhenIslamisinvogue.
Following400yearsofBerberdynasties,then16thcenturysawthearrivalofrulesofanothernation.
In1912,thetreatyofFesrecognizedmoroccoasaFrenchprotectorateunderthenationalsovereigntyofthesultan.So,Marrakechbecameaentirecolonialbeencontrolledformanyyears,butintheendthiscitybecamefullyindependentoncemorein1956.
2.3Politics
Weallknownthatifacountryisaentirecolonial,thatcountrywouldhavenonationalsovereignty.
Now,it’sthecapitalcityoftheMarrakechProvinceandMarrakech,theregionalcapital,formsaprefecture-leveladministrativeunitofMorocco.
2.4Economy
After1912itmadesignificanteconomicprogressthankstodevelopmentbyFrenchofrailandroadinfrastructureandtheintroductionofhydro-electricalinstallations,irrigationsystemsandnationaleducation.
Nowadays,MarrakechisavitalcomponenttotheeconomyandcultureofMorocco.Improvementstothehighwaysandtheairporthaveledtoadramaticincreaseintourisminthecity,whichnowattractsover2milliontouristsannually.Andit’snotedforitsleatherwork.
2.5Societyandpeople
Inthiscitytheyusemanydifferentlanguages,exceptArabic,SpanishandFrenchareusuallyusedindailylife.
Thepopulationinthiscityisaboutonemillion,mostofthemareBerbers.AndtherearemanyJewsandFrench.
3.Vocabulary
thread(v.):
passthroughbytwisting,turning,orweavinginandout穿过,通过
pomegranate(n.):
aroundfruitwithared,leatheryrindandmanyseedscoveredwithred,juicy,edibleflesh;thebushorsmalltreethatbearsit石榴;石榴树
chant(n.):
asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorwordsissungtoeachtune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌
bier(n.):
aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorpseisplaced棺材架;尸体架
hack(v.):
breakup(1and)withahoe,mattock,etc.(用锄等)翻地,挖(土)
oblong(adj.):
longerthanbroad;elongated长方形的
lumpy(adj.):
fulloflumps;coveredwithlumps多块状物的;凹凸不平的
hummocky(a.):
fulloforlookinglikelow,roundedhills布满小丘的;似小圆丘的
derelict(adj.):
desertedbytheowner;abandoned;forsaken无主的;被遗弃的
lot(n.):
aplotofground一块地
undifferentiated(adj.):
withoutclearqualitiesordistinctivecharacteristics无区别的;无显著特点的
mound(n.):
aheaporbankofearth,sand,etc.builtoveragrave,inafortification,etc.土堆;堤;坟堆
prickly(adj.):
fullofprickles多刺的
pricklypear:
anyofagenusofcactusplantshavingcylindricalorlarge,flat,ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌(属)
bumpy(adj.):
fullofbumps;rough;jolting崎岖不平的;颠簸的;震摇的
gazelle(n.):
anyofvarioussmall,swift,gracefulantelopes瞪羚
hindquarter(n.):
eitherofthetwohindlegsandtheadjoiningloinofacarcassofveal,beef,lamb,etc.;[p1.]thehindpartofafour—leggedanimal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉;[复](四肢动物的)后躯
nibble(v.):
takesmall,cautious,orgentlebites小口地咬;谨慎地咬(啃)
butt(v.):
strikeorpushwiththeheadorhorns:
ramwiththehead(用头或角)撞击;顶撞
mid—air(n.):
anypointinspace,notincontactwiththegroundorothersurface空中;上空
navvy(n.):
nunskilledlaborer,asoncanals,roads,etc.劳工;无特殊技术的工人
sidle(v.):
movesideways,esp.inashyorstealthymanner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走
stow(v.):
packorstoreaway;fillbypackinginanorderlyway装载;装进;收藏municipalityn.acity,town.etc.havingitsownincorporatedgovernmentforlocalaffairs自治市(或镇)
ghetto(n.):
(incertainEuropeancities)asectiontowhichJewswereformerlyrestricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区
sore(adj.):
givingorfeelingphysicalpain;painful疼痛的;感到疼痛的
skull—cap(n.):
alight,closefitting,brimlesscap,usuallywornindoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽
infest(v.):
overrunorinhabitinlargenumbers,usuallysoastobeharmfulorbothersome;swarminorover(虫害等)侵扰;骚扰;蔓延
booth(n.):
astallforthesaleofgoods,asatmarketsorfairs(市场或集市上的)货摊;摊店,摊棚
prehistoric(adj.):
pertainingtoancienttimes,veryold-fashioned老式的;古旧的
warp(v.):
becomebentortwistedoutofshape变弯曲;变歪
frenzied(adj.):
fullofuncontrolledexcitement疯狂的,狂乱的
clamour(v.):
makealoudconfusednoiseorshout;cryout喧嚷,喧嚣,吵闹
grope(v.):
feelorsearchaboutblindly,hesitantly,oruncertainly摸索;探索
self-contained(adj.):
havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary;self-sufficient,asacommunity自给自足的
witchcraft(n.):
thepowerorpracticesofwitches:
blackmagic;sorcery巫术;魔法
square(adj.[colloq.]):
satisfying;solid;substantial[口]令人满意的;充实的
conspicuous(adj.):
attractingattentionbybeingunexpected,unusual,outstanding惹人注目的,显眼的
grove(n.):
orchard果园
legionnaire(n.):
amemberofalegion军团的成员
back—breaking(adj.):
requiringgreatphysicalexertion;verytiring费劲的;辛苦的,累人的
desolate(adj.):
uninhabited;deserted荒无人烟的,荒凉的
lucerne(n.):
atypeofplantwhoseleavesgrowingroupsofthreeandwhichisusedforfeedingfarmanimals紫花苜蓿
fodder(n.):
gorsefoodforcattle,horses,sheep,etc.ascornstalks,hayandstraw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料;饲草
yoke(v.):
putayokeon;jointogether;link用轭连起;连合;连结
harrow(n.):
aheavyframewithspikesorsharp—edgeddisks,drawnbyahorse0rtractorandusedforbreakingupandlevelingplowedground,coveringseeds,rootingupweeds,etc.耙
furrow(n.):
anarrowgroovemadeinthegroundbyaplow沟,畦;犁沟
trickle(n.):
theactoftrickling;aslow,smallflow滴,淌;细流;
subsoil(n.):
thelayerofsoilbeneaththesurfacesoil底土,下层土,
mummify(v.):
shrivelordryup干瘪;枯干;成木乃伊状
hobble(v.):
gounsteadily,haltingly,etc.蹒跚
leathery(adj.):
1ikeleatherinappearanceortexture.toughandflexible(外观或质地)似皮革的;坚韧的,粗硬的
infuriate(v.):
causetobecomeveryangry;enrage(使)发怒,激怒
damnably(adv.):
execrably该诅咒地;极坏地
packsaddle(n.):
asaddlewithfasteningstosecureandbalancetheloadcarriedbyapackanimal驮鞍
bridle(n.):
aheadharnessforguidingahorse马勒
halter(n.):
arope,cord,strap,etc.,usuallywithaheadstall,fortyingorleadingananimal;abitlessheadstall,withorwithoutaleadrope缰绳;(马)笼头
gut(n.[usu.inp1.]):
thebowels;entrails[常用复]内脏
plight(n.):
conditionorstateofaffairs;esp,now,anawkward.sad,ordangeroussituation情况;状态;(现尤指)苦境;困境或险境
gall(v.):
injureormakesorebyrubbing;chafe擦伤,擦痛;磨
stork(n.):
anyofafamilyoflarge,long—legged,mostlyold—worldwadingbirds.havingalongneckandbill,andrelatedtotheherons鹳
reach-me—down(adj.[colloq.]):
second—handorready—made(衣服)用旧的;别人用过的;现成的
khaki(adj.):
madeofkhaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的
squash(v.):
forceone’sway;squeeze挤进,挤入
slump(v.):
haveadroopingpostureorgait低头弯腰(而行);消沉
inquisitive(adj.):
inclinedtoaskmanyquestionsorseekinformation;eagertolearn好询问的;好奇的
syphilis(n.):
aninfectiousvenerealdisease,causedbyaspirocheteandusuallytransmittedbysexualintercourseoracquiredcongenitally梅毒
garrison(n.):
troopsstationedinafortorfortifiedplace驻军;卫戍部队
charger(n.):
ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade战马,军马
4.Expressions
squaremeal:
acompleteandsatisfyingmeal美餐丰盛的、令人满足
inacloud:
alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass一团
例:
acloudoflocusts一群蝗虫
getat:
toapproachorreach到达,得到
例:
Youhavetousealittleladdertogetatthejarsonthetopshelves.你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。
nextdoorto:
almostthesameas几乎
例:
Leavingamantodieisnextdoortomurder.让一个人等死无异于谋杀。
inthisconnection:
whilespeakingofsuchthings关于这一点,就此而论
itdoesn’tmattertwopence:
itdoesn’tmatterabit无关紧要
例:
Itdoesn’tmattertwopenceifhedoesn’taccepttheinvitation.他接不接受邀请都不要紧。
5.Genreanalysis
Anexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.
Thewriterappealstoareader'sunderstandingwithverifiable(thatcanbeverified)factsandvalidinformation,explainingandinterpretingmaterialssothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.
Thushemustorganizeanddevelophisthoughtobjectivelyandpresentitwithhonestyandcompletenesssothatthereaderwillhaveconfidenceinwhatheissaying.
Generallythewritermakesastatementofthecentralthoughtorofhispurposequiteearly.Thisstatementissometimescalledthe"thesis",andmayevenbethetitleofthepiece.
Sometimesthewritermayfirstpresentanddevelophisfactsandmakehisgeneralstatementasa
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- 高级 英语 参考资料