雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》.docx
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雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》.docx
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雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》
雅思阅读理解模拟题《谎言揭秘》
想要提高雅思阅读理解能力,就必须经常进行一些练习。
下面是小编为大家整理的一篇雅思阅读理解模拟题,供大家练习。
LightingUpTheLies
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassagebelow.
LastyearSeanA.Spence,aprofessorattheschoolofmedicineattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland,performedbrainscansthatshowedthatawomanconvictedofpoisoningachildinhercareappearedtobetellingthetruthwhenshedeniedcommittingthecrime.Thisdeceptionstudy,alongwithtwoothersperformedbytheSheffieldgroup,wasfundedbyQuickfireMedia,atelevisionproductioncompanyworkingfortheU.K.'sChannel4,whichbroadcastvideosoftheresearchersatworkaspartofathree-partseriescalledLieLab.ThebrainstudyofthewomanlaterappearedinthejournalEuropeanPsychiatry.
Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)purportstodetectmendacitybyseeinginsidethebraininsteadoftrackingperipheralmeasuresofanxiety—suchaschangesinpulse,bloodpressureorrespiration—measuredbyapolygraph.Besidesdrawinghundredsofthousandsofviewers,fMRIhaspulledinentrepreneurs.Twocompanies—CephosinPepperell,Mass.,andNoLieMRIinTarzana,Calif.—claimtopredictwith90percentorgreatercertitudewhetheryouaretellingthetruth.NoLieMRI,whosenameevokesthecasualfamiliarityofawalk-indentalclinicinastripmall,suggeststhatthetechniquemayevenbeusedfor“riskreductionindating”.
Manyneuroscientistsandlegalscholarsdoubtsuchclaims—andsomeevenquestionwhetherbrainscansforliedetectionwilleverbereadyforanythingbutmoreresearchonthenatureofdeceptionandthebrain.AnfMRImachinetracksbloodflowtoactivatedbrainareas.Theassumptioninliedetectionisthatthebrainmustexertextraeffortwhentellingalieandthattheregionsthatdomoreworkgetmoreblood.Suchareaslightupinscans;duringtheliestudies,theilluminatedregionsareprimarilyinvolvedindecisionmaking.
ToassesshowfMRIandotherneurosciencefindingsaffectthelaw,theMac-ArthurFoundationputup$10millionlastyeartopilotforthreeyearstheLawandNeuroscienceProject.PartofthefundingwillattempttosetcriteriaforaccurateandreliableliedetectionusingfMRIandotherbrain-scanningtechnology.“Ithinkit'snotpossible,giventhecurrenttechnology,totrusttheresults,”saysMarcusRaichle,aneuroscientistattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louiswhoheadstheproject'sstudygrouponliedetection.“Butit’snotimpossibletosetuparesearchprogramtodeterminewhetherthat’spossible.”AmajorreviewarticlelastyearintheAmericanJournalofLawandMedicinebyHenryT.GreelyofStanfordUniversityandJudyIlles,nowattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,exploresthedeficienciesofexistingresearchandwhatmaybeneededtomovethetechnologyforward.Thetwoscholarsfoundthatliedetectionstudiesconductedsofar(stilllessthan20inall)failedtoprovethatfMRIis“effectiveasaliedetectorintherealworldatanyaccuracylevel.”
Moststudiesexaminedgroups,notindividuals.Subjectsinthesestudieswerehealthyyoungadults—makingitunclearhowtheresultswouldapplytosomeonewhotakesadrugthataffectsbloodpressureorhasablockageinanartery.Andthetworesearchersquestionedthespecificityofthelit-upareas;theynotedthattheregionsalsocorrelatewithawiderangeofcognitivebehaviors,includingmemory,self-monitoringandconsciousself-awareness.
ThebiggestchallengeforwhichtheLawandNeuroscienceProjectisalreadyfundingnewresearch—ishowtodiminishtheartificialityofthetestprotocol.Lyingaboutwhetheraplayingcardisthesevenofspadesmaynotactivatethesameareasofthecortexasansweringaquestionaboutwhetheryourobbedthecornerstore.Infact,themostrealisticstudiestodatemayhavecomefromtheLieLabtelevisionprograms.Thetwocompaniesmarketingthetechnologyarenotwaitingformoredata.Cephosisofferingscanswithoutchargetopeoplewhoclaimtheywerefalselyaccusediftheymeetcertaincriteriainanefforttogetscansacceptedbythecourts.Allowingscansaslegalevidencecouldopenapotentiallyhugeandlucrativemarket.“Wemayhavetotakemanyshotsongoalbeforeweactuallyseeacourtroom.”saysCephoschiefexecutiveStevenLaken.Heassertsthatthetechnologyhasachieved97percentaccuracyandthatthemorethan100peoplescannedusingtheCephosprotocolhaveprovideddatathathaveresolvedmanyoftheissuesthatGreelyandIllescited.
Butuntilformalclinicaltrialsprovethatthemachinesmeetsafetyandeffectivenesscriteria,GreelyandIlleshavecalledforabanonnon-researchuses.Trialsenvisagedforregulatoryapprovalhintatthetechnicalchallenges.Actors,professionalpokerplayersandsociopathswouldbecomparedagainstaverageJoes.Thedevoutwouldgointhescannerafternonbelievers.Testingwouldtakeintoaccountsocialsetting.Whitelies—“no,dinnerreallywasfantastic”—wouldhavetobecomparedagainstuntruthsaboutsexualpeccadilloestoensurethatthebrainreactsidentically.
Therepotentialforabusepromptscaution.“Thedangeristhatpeople’slivescanbechangedinbadwaysbecauseofmistakesinthetechnology,”Greelysays.“Thedangerforthescienceisthatitgetsablackeyebecauseofthisveryhighprofileuseofneuroimagingthatgoeswrong.”Consideringthelongandcontroversialhistoryofthepolygraph,gradualismmaybethewisestcoursetofollowforanewdiagnosticthatprobesanessentialqualitygoverningsocialinteraction.
Question1-7
Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthepeople(listedA-D)withopinionsordeedsbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Dinboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.
NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
AHenryT.Greely&JudyIlles
BStevenLaken
CHenryT.Greely
DMarcusRaichle
1Thepossibilityhiddeninamissionimpossible
2Theuncertaineffectivenessoffunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingfordetectinglies
3Thehazardlyingbehindthetechnologyasaliedetector
4Thelimitedfieldsfortheuseofliedetectiontechnology
5Severalsuccessfulcasesofapplyingtheresultsfromtheliedetectiontechnology
6Consofthecurrentresearchrelatedtolie-detectortests
7Thereshouldbesomerequestedworktoimprovethetechniquesregardingliedetection
Question8-10
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inboxes8-10onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementistrue
FALSEifthestatementisfalse
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
8TheliedetectionforaconvictedwomanwasfirstconductedbyresearchersinEurope.
9Thelegitimizationofusingscansinthecourtmightmeanapromisingandprofitablebusiness.
10Thereisalwayssomethingwrongwithneuroimaging.
Question11-13
Summary
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingNoMorethanThreewordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.
Itisclaimedthatfunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingcancheckliesbyobservingtheinternalpartofthebrainratherthanfollowingup11toevaluatetheanxietyas12does.Audiencesaswellas13arefascinatedbythisamazinglie-detectiontechnology.
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- 关 键 词:
- 谎言揭秘 雅思 阅读 理解 模拟 谎言 揭秘
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