课程中的一些关键所在.pptx
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课程中的一些关键所在.pptx
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LectureIII2DifferenceofcharactersincinemaandinnovelsCharactersinthemselvesareonlypartofthestoryandtheyarerealizedinperformance.Charactersdiffergreatlyincinemafrominnovelsbecauseoftheabsenceofanarrator.Thefullcomplexitycanonlybeconveyedthroughwordsandactionsperformedbyanactor.Similarityofcinemaandtheater:
ThecentralityofperformanceFortheatricalperformance1)theclarityoftheirdelivery2)theexpressionofmentalstateandemotionthroughvisiblebodilygestures.Cinematicperformersmustmastertheappropriateexpressivemodeforawholerangeofpossiblecameradistances,fromthedistanceshottotheclose-up.1)thebold,physicalgestureandsvtoriicdeefnotralong-distanceshot2)thedelicatevariationsinfacialexpressionandvocaldeliveryforaclose-upAfilmistheendproductofaprocessthatincludesalongperiodofcarefuleditingandrearrangement.Filmsarepiecedtogetherfromseparatescenesandsequences(电影的情节,片段).TheconceptoftheactorstwobodiesThethefilmactorhastwobodies(theoristRichardMaltby理查德莫尔特):
1.therealactor2.thecharacterbeingactedTheaudienceexperiencesthepresenceoftheperformerandthepresenceofthecharacterinthesamebody.Correspondingtothesetwobodiesoftheactorandthecharacterarethetwofundamentallydifferentactingstyles:
Presentationalstyle(表现风格):
focusesontherealityoftheactor(theactorpresentshimselftotheaudienceashimself).Representationalstyle(再现风格):
focusesontherealityofthecharacter(theactordoesnotpresenthimselfbutinsteadrepresentsthecharacterheisplaying).Totheirextremeforms,1.therepresentationalstylesMethodacting2.ThepresentationstylesThestarsystemTwoCinematicPhenomenaMethodactingsoughttoemploythepersonalityoftheactoraskindofpsychicalrecourseintheconstructionandperformanceofthefictionalrole.Centraltothetheoryofmethodactingwastheconceptofaffectivememory.Affectivememoryisconstitutedbythosedeepmemories-fears,desires,anxieties-thatcanbedrawnuponbytheactorinordertobetteridentifywiththecharacter.Oncetunedintohisownaffectivememory,theactorcandrawonittoactuallyexperiencethementalandemotionalstateofthecharacter.Whentheactorhasemployedhisownemotionstofullyidentifywiththecharacter,hewillnaturallybeabletobehaveandactinawaythatispsychologicallyconvincingtoaudience.Starsystemtendstoemployamorepresentationalstyle,allowingtheactororastcatnredssoeustfromthatofthecharacter.Thestarisavaluableeconomicasset.Astarhastwothingsthatanactordoesnthave:
1.charm2.theabilitytoselltickets.Thestarphenomenonaddstoaudiencepleasure,andthattheuseofstarsisoneofthekeytechniquesoffilmmakinginHollywood.Fourelementsintheproductionofastar:
Promotion,publicity,films,criticism/commentary.Promotionreferstotheworkdonebystudiostoputforwardadefiniteimageforthestarasfollows:
changingnames;arranginginterviews;constructingartificiallifehistories;evenmanagingpersonalrelationshipPublicityisthenon-deliberateemergenceofpersonalinformationaboutthestarintothepublicsphere.Publicitycansometimesappeartobenegativeandpotentiallydamagingtothestarsprospects.HoweverthereisnosuchthingasbadpublicityThankyou!
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