全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Firstaid讲义新人教版必修5.docx
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全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Firstaid讲义新人教版必修5.docx
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全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Firstaid讲义新人教版必修5
Unit5 Firstaid
1aid n.&vt.帮助;援助;资助
Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.(教材P33)
急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。
(1)
(2)
①Shebelievesthestorymighthavehadadifferentendingifthosegoodpeoplehadnotcometoheraid.
如果那些好心人不来帮助她,她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。
②Wearecollectingmoneyinaidofthepeoplewhohavelosttheirhomesintheearthquake.
我们正集资以资助那些在地震中失去家园的人。
2vital adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的
Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.(教材P35)
如果是二度或者三度烧伤,至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。
bevitalto对……至关重要
Itisvitaltodosth做某事很重要
Itisvitalthat…(should)dosth……是十分重要的
It'svitalthatwe(should)_not_lower(notlower)safetystandardsaslifeisthemostimportantintheworld.
我们绝不能降低安全标准,这是至关重要的,因为在世界上生命是最宝贵的。
3treat vt.&vi.治疗;对待;款待
n.款待;招待
JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade'shands.(教材P38)
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
(1)treat
(2)It'smytreat.我请客。
(3)treatmentn.治疗;处理;对待
①Donottreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.
不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。
②Shespentherearlyyearstreatingherpatientsforallkindsofdiseasesandinjuries.
她早年的时间都花在如何治疗患有各种各样疾病及受伤的病人上。
③I'lltreatyoutolunchattherestaurantinfrontofourschool.
④Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedicaltreatment(treat)theyneed.
许多病人都没有得到他们需要的医疗。
⑤Fordessertwehadfreshstrawberries—arealtreat.
饭后甜点我们吃新鲜的草莓——真是难得的享受。
4apply vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用;有效
Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.(教材P38)
他使劲地按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
(1)apply
(2)applicantn.申请人
(3)applicationn.申请;申请书;适用;应用
①LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearning(learn)howtoreadandwrite.
后来,我决定把我以前的经验应用到学习怎样读和写中。
②TowhomshouldIapplyforalicence?
我应该向谁申请执照呢?
③Pleasecleanthewoundwithacleanclothandthenapplythemedicinetoit.
请用一块清洁的布清洗伤口,然后把药涂到上面。
④Youwillpassyourexamsonlyifyoureallyapplyyourself(you)toyourstudy.
你只有专心学习,才能通过考试。
⑤Thewideapplication(apply)ofelectroniccomputersinscienceandtechnologywillfreemanfromthelabourofcomplicatedmeasurementandcomputation.
电子计算机在科学技术方面广泛的应用将使人们从复杂的计量和计算中解脱出来。
1inplace 在适当的位置;适当
Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.(教材P35)
用胶带把绷带固定。
inplaceof代替;取代
intheplaceof在……位置上
outofplace不在适当的位置;不合适
inthefirstplace首先;第一
takeplace发生;举行
takeone'splace就座;代替
taketheplaceof代替;取代
①I'mafraidyourproposalisnotquiteinplace.
恐怕你的提案不太妥当。
②Plasticsarenowoftenusedinplaceofwoodormetal.
现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。
③Anewschoolissetupintheplaceoftheoldone.
④Hisfrankstatementswerereallyoutofplaceattheparty.
他那番坦白话实在不适合在聚会上说。
⑤Oneofthefirstthingsweneedtothinkaboutiswhatislifeinthefirstplace.
我们首先要思考的事情之一是生命最初是什么。
2makeadifference 区别对待;有影响;起(重要)作用
Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.(教材P38)
这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
(1)
①Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.
你去不去对我来说都一样。
②Doeshisabsencemakeadifferencetoyourwork?
没有他,会影响你的工作吗?
这对双胞胎长得太像了,很难分辨出来。
ifnecessary如有必要
Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.(教材P34)
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则就要把衣服脱掉。
如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。
【句式点拨】
本句中的ifnecessary是状语从句的省略,目的是使语言简洁或避免重复。
在以if,when,though,as,asif等连词引导的从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it,且从句谓语部分是be动词时,可省去“主语+be”部分。
如有必要,我们就往家里发电报。
②Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleft(leave)inthewronghands.
如果落在不合适的人的手中,电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。
③Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.
一有机会他就来帮助我。
④Whilecycling,don'tforgetthetrafficlights.
骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。
⑤Whenaskedtodance,shesaidshecouldn't.
被邀请跳舞时,她说她不会跳。
⑥Thoughtired,theywentonworking.
虽然累了,但他们仍继续工作。
Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)
1.Theexperthasalanguagebarrierinattendingsuchanimportantmeeting,butheshouldbepraisedforhisbravery(brave).
2.Firstaidisaformofhelpthatistemporarily(temporary)giventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.
3.Hersonislyinginbed,feelingpain,becausehegotinjuredwithhisrightfootseverelyswollen(swell).
4.Hisfatherandmotherwerebothkilledwithinoneday,leavinghimunbearable(bear)hurtandpainforyears.
6.Heemphasizedthatinthiskindofrecession,itisvitalthatgovernment(should)_take(take)thelead.
7.WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayunlessitrainsorit'sverycold.
8.DetectiveJonessaidthatthevictimwasattackedwithaknifeandbled(bleed)todeathasaresult.
10.Whilepressureisoftenseenasabadthing,ifused(use)properly,itcanactuallybeagoodthing.
Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)
1.Ourdifferentviewsoflifemadeno
atalltoourfriendship.
2.Theteachertreatedeachofthechildren
anicecream.
3.Theyhadjustcoveredthreemiles
theyrealizedtheyhadlefttheirIDsathome.
4.Thereisnodoubt
itisnecessarytoknowsomeknowledgeoffirstaidasdangerslieeverywhereandaccidentshappenfromtimetotime.
5.Thedoctoradvisedhertoeatmorebeanproductsintheplaceofmeatwhichmightbeharmfultoherheart.
6.Whatthevolunteersdidmade
greatdifferencetothechildreninthesmallvillage.
7.ThoughItoldhimoverandoveragaintobecarefulwhen
,hewouldn'tlisten.
8.What'sworse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvital
obeytrafficrules.
9.Carbondioxidepreventsheat
gettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.
10.ThemomenthesawthepoorgirlonTV,hedeterminedtoaidher
continuingherstudy.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Youhavethreelayersofskin,whichact1.asabarrieragainstdamage.Thecomplexfunctionsofyourskinare2.to_keep(keep)youwarmorcool,andpreventyourbodyfrom3.losing(lose)toomuchwater.Ifyourskingetsburned,firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthe4.treatment(treat)ofburns.
Youmaygetburnedbya5.variety(vary)ofthings:
hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricityorchemicals.Therearethreetypesofburns6.depending(depend)onwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.
Ifyoutouchahotpan,stoveorironforamoment,youwillgetfirstdegreeburns.Theburnsmayaffectthetoplayeroftheskin.Youcanplacecool,clean,wetclothsonthem7.untilthepainisnotsobad.
Ifhotliquidspouronyou,youwillgetseconddegreeburns.Youcankeepclothscoolbyputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater,8.squeezing(squeeze)themoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragain.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·广西师大附属外校高三模拟)Everyday,peoplecomeintocontactwiththousandsofchemicals.Thesechemicalsaresaidtobeharmlesstohumanhealth.Infact,thechemicalsareconsideredsosafethatwewashwiththem.Weputthemonourbodiesandevenourfaces.Otherchemicalproductsareusedthroughoutourhomes.
Bythetimeyouwalkoutofyourfrontdoor,youhavealreadybeenexposedtothousandsofchemicals.
Onitsown,eachchemicalseemsharmless.Butincombinationwithotherchemicals,theymaybecomedeadly.Thatisthefindingofatwoyearstudybyahighprofile(高调的)taskforceofscientists.Thetaskforcewastoldtoinvestigatethecancercausingpossibilityofchemicalmixtures.
LindaGulliverwasoneofthe174scientistsonthetaskforce.Theirjobwastostudythecancercausingpotentialof85chemicals.All85aresaidtobecommonintheenvironment.
MsGulliverexplainsthatchemicalshavethepotentialorabilitytoformdangerousmixtures.Evensimplemineralscanbecomedangerouswhenmixedwithchemicalsfoundinplasticsorbeautyproducts.
Workingingroups,thescientistsexploredhowdifferentchemicalmixturescouldleadtocancer.MsGulliver'steamlookedattheabilityofdifferentcombinationstosupporttheincreaseofmalignant(恶性的)humancells.
Shesaysthecurrentwaytoidentifywhetherchemicalscausecanceristotestthemoneatatime.Thismethodleads,sheadds,toalonglistofsupposedly“safe”chemicals.Sheandherteamsaythatapproachneedstochange.
Anestimatedoneinfivecancershasbeenlinkedtochemicalexposure.Itmayturnoutthatthecancercausingvillain(恶棍)isnotasinglechemicalatall.
语篇导读
本文为科普说明文,揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混或成致癌物。
1.Whateffectmayonesinglechemicalhaveonusaccordingtothetext?
A.Itmaydestroyourbody.B.Itmaynotcausedangertous.
C.Itmayletussufferfromcancer.D.Itmayletourbodymakeachange.
解析B 细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句可知,一种化学物质可能不会对我们造成危害,故选B项。
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMsGulliver'sresearch?
A.Shehasfound85cancercausingchemicals.
B.Shehasfoundreasonsforfivekindsofcancers.
C.Shehasfoundthatonlyonechemicalcancausecancer.
D.Sheisnotsurewhatmixturesofchemicalsaremoreharmful.
解析D 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段可知,格利佛也不确定哪一种化学物质的混合物更具危害,故选D项。
3.Accordingtothetext,wecaninferthatthestudy________.
A.isjustwastingtimeandmoneyB.isstillinneedofgreatefforts
C.willcausepanicinpublicD.willberesistedbythepublic
解析B 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段可以推知,这项研究仍需要很大的努力,故选B项。
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.MixturesofSafeChemicalsMayCauseCancer
B.BeingExposedtoOneChemicalIsDangerous
C.HowMixturesofSafeChemicalsComeintoBeing?
D.WhatIstheRealCauseforCancer?
解析A 标题归纳题。
根据全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可知,文章主要揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混可能会形成致癌物,故选A项。
B
(状元桥原创)Manybirdsmaybesmall,butthey'regreatnaturalathletes.Everyyear,birdsliterallycrossmountains,desertsandseastoreachtheirfavoritebreeding(繁殖)andfeedinggrounds.Arcticterns—eachweighingaboutafifthofapound—migratehalfwayaroundtheworld,flyingtoGreenlandinspringandtheSouthPoleinwinter.Birdsrarelygo“asthec
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