高考英语语法 非谓语动词教学案doc.docx
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高考英语语法 非谓语动词教学案doc.docx
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高考英语语法非谓语动词教学案doc
语法复习专题非谓语动词
名称
形式
语法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
todo/tobedone
V
V
V
V
V
V
tobedoing
J(经常)
V
tohave(been)done
V
V
动名词
doing
V
V
V
V
现在分词
doing
V
V
V
V
having(been)done
J(动作完成)
过去分词
done
V
V
V
J可代替
havingbeendone
概念:
在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式,它的划分有两种标准
(一):
不定式;分词(过去分词与现在分词);动名词
(二):
不定式;v-ing.形式;过去分词.
一、考点聚焦
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。
不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)
Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhetherthey
willenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
be+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事,或必将发生的,或表示命令等口吻)翻译:
这项计划得提前三天完成.
(2)带不定式作宾语的词语,构成v.+todo形式。
下歹词语常不定式作宾语:
afford>promise>refuse>expect、hope>learn>offer>wish>want>fail>plan、agree>forget>like>prefer>decide>manage>try、arrange>determine>desire等。
Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butFmgoingtostudyintheU.S.A,this
September.(2004高考辽宁卷)
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式,构成decidewhattodowonderhowtodealwithsth.等形式:
teach>decide>wonder>show、learn>forget>ask、find>out>advise>discuss等。
示例:
1).I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
2).ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith
C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
3).Themotherdidn'tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.
A.whoB.whenC.howD.what
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
%1动词see、watch>notice>hear>listento>observe>feel>taste>smell>make>let>have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
%1常用带to不定式作宾补的情况:
「
主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/advise/allow/cause/consider/encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/wam/ask/wish+sb.todo.sth.
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
Myadvisorencouragedasummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.
A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake
%1主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider+sb.+tobe/tobedoing/tohavedone
注意:
不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别,同时要注意不定式被动语态的使用。
CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.
A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented
Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
%1主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
%1下列词语后常接不定式作定语:
chance>wish>right、courage>need>promise>time>opportunity>way>thefirst>thesecond>thelast>theonly等。
Ihave(_个出国留学的机会)o
Heis(第一个上学的)and(最后一个离校的)
%1不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
Thereisnoonetolookafterher*.
%1不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示目的、结果、原因。
onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。
Tosleepwell,Iturnedoffthealarmclock.
Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.
inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来弓I导目的状语,enoughto,so...astodo,such+名词...astodo作结果状语,如:
Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.
I'mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.
Youweresillynotyourcar.(2004高考湖南卷)
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考广西卷)
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
%1表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.
Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.
seem>appear>besaid>besupposed>bebelieved>bethought>beknown>bereported等动词常用于上面句型。
CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.
A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented
Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying此外,glad>happy>satisfied>sorry>surprised>disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别。
Fmsorryforaminute.对不起,请稍等。
(说话时还未等)
Fmsorryforsolong.对不起,让你久等了。
(说话时已等了很久)
%1不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
(A)shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。
(B)was/wereto+不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
注意:
表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用:
was/weregoingtodo或was/wereaboutto
IwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
--Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?
--I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did
(7)不定式的省略。
%1同一结构并列由and或ot连接。
Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkand(to)gohome.
Fmreallypuzzledwhattothinkor(to)say.
特仮!
J:
Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.
HeisbettertolaughthantoCTy.(表示对比)
%1不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。
Whathedidwas(to)losethegame.
%1句中含有动词do时,but>except>besides>suchas等后面to可省略。
即“前有do,后省to”。
Don'tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.
比较:
havenothingtodobutdo/havenothingbuttodo
havenochoicebuttodo/can't(help)butdo
%1主句含有不定式,后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。
Ratherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.
A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding
%1Whynot、hadbetter>wouldrather>can'tbut等词后省to。
如I:
Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.
(8)不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。
但如杲承两貧略的不疋武有助动用旳have取恥任傅誓或,.辰座该保置黒誓恥取更驴。
.如:
.
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.
——Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.
一IknowIoughttohave.
常见的有:
Fdlike/love/behappyto.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)动名词作宾语。
%1下列动词后只能接动名词:
suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can%help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permito
%1下列动词短语接动名词:
leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,bewortho
%1介词后要接动名词。
whatabout>howabout>without>befondof>begoodat等介词后接动名词。
注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引导的从中。
作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词o女口onhisarrival...o
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别:
begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefeT,can'tstand
例句
解析
1.Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.
2.Itwasbeginningtosnow.
3.1lovelying(tolie)onmyback.
4.1likelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdon'tliketo.
5.1don'tprefertoswimintherivernow.
1.意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。
2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。
remember,forget,regret,try
例句
解析
1.1remembertomeetheratthestation.
Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.
2.1forgotgivingittoyouyesterday.
Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.
3.1regretnothavingworkinghard.
Iregrettohearofyoursister'sdeath.
4.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.
Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.
5.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.
IhadmeanttogoonMonday.
1.remembertodosth.记住要做的事rememberdoingsth.回顾过去发生的事
2.forgettodosth.忘记要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过的事
3.regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔
4.trytodosth.设法,试图
trydoingsth.试试看,试一试
5.meantodosth.打算做,想要
meandoingsth.意味着,就是
want,require,need,demand,request
例句
解析
Thesedesksneedrepairing.
Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.
Thepatientrequiredexamined
Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.
1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做
2.wantdoing
wanttobedone
3.requiredoing
requiretobedone
—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
—Well,nowIregretthat.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone
——Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.
—That'sallright.
A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow
C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow
Victorapologizedfortoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004上海)
A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.(2001年春季高考)
A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect
4、分词复习应注意的几个问题
(1)现在分词在句中作呼回、.黒因、.侍曜、.条件、.结果等状语。
①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when,while裁)
Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.
做时间状语的分词,可以改成时间连词连接的主从句,如上面两句可以改成:
suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.
A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered
inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.
A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
Theoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(2004
高考江苏卷)
A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked
②原因状语
Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote
Nothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher*.
做原因状语的分词,可以改成原因连词连接的主从句,如上句可以改成:
%1伴随状语
Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.
Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,
intothewoo
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