上海建平中学高三上英语周练三教师用.docx
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上海建平中学高三上英语周练三教师用.docx
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上海建平中学高三上英语周练三教师用
2017学年度第一学期高三英语周二练习2017.9.19
II.GrammarandVocabulary(20%)
SectionADirections:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Inthe1960s,theWordHealthOrganization(WHO)beganacampaigntogetridofthemosquitoesthattransmitthediseasemalaria.Itwasanoblegoal,sincemalariakillsa(n)(21)(estimate)3millionpeopleeachyearintheworld'stropicalregions,mainlysouthernAfrica.WHOledanefforttospraythemosquitoe'shabitatwithachemicalpesticide---apoisonusedtokillinsects---calledDDT.Earlyresultswerepromisingandthemosquito(22)(eliminate)
fromtheedgeofitsnativerange.Theeffortsoonfaltered,however,andthekillingplanwasdrooped.Howwasit(23)atinymosquitocouldspoilthebesteffortsofalargegroupof
well-fundedscientists?
Situationslikethisone(24)(occur)dozensoftimesinthelastseveraldecades.Ina
commonscenario,wheneveranewtypeofpesticideisusedtocontrolagriculturalpests,theearlyresultsareencouraging.Arelativelysmallamountofthepoisondustedontoacropmaykill99%oftheinsects.However,therelativelyfewsurvivorsofthefirstpesticidewaveareinsectswithgenes(25)somehowenablethemtoresistthechemicalattack.Thepoisonkillsmostmembers
oftheinsectpopulation,(26)(leave)onlytheresistantindividualstoreproduce.And(27)
theydo,theiroffspringinheritthegenesforpesticideresistance.Ineachgeneration,theproportionofpesticide-resistantindividualsintheinsectpopulationincreases,makingsubsequentspraying(28)(effective).(29)thewidespreaduseofchemicalpesticidesbeganinthe1940s,scientists
havedocumentedpesticideresistanceinmorethan500speciesofinsects.Theproblemssuchinsectspose—throughtheirimpactonagricultureandmedicine—arejustsomeofthemanywaysthatevolutionhasadirectconnectiontoourdailylives.Everywhere,allthetime,populationsoforganismsarefine-tuningadaptations(30)localenvironmentsthroughtheevolutionaryprocessofnaturalselection.GiventhedynamicsofEarthanditslife,itisnotsurprisingthateventhekindsoforganismsontheplanet---thespecies---havechangedovertime.
SectionB
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.primarilyB.movementC.limitedD.identifiedE.accountedF.neededG.emergenceH.concentrationI.outcomeJ.achievedK.among
Foralmost5,000years,citieschangedlittle.Thentheirgrowth,insizeandnumber,wassorapidthatithasbeencalledanurbanrevolutionorurbanexplosion.In1700,lessthan2percentofthepopulationofGreatBritainlivedincities,butby1900,themajorityoftheBritishdidso.OtherEuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStatessoon31thesamelevelofurbanizationinanevenshorterperiod.Today,theseandotherWesterncountriesare32themosturbanizedintheworld,alongwithmanyLatinAmericancountries,whichhavebecomemostlyurbanizedinmorerecentyears.
ThemajorstimulustotheurbanexplosionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Ittriggeredaseriesofrelatedevents,33bysociologistPhilipHauser(1981)aspopulationexplosion,followed
bypopulationexplosionandpopulationimplosion,andthenbytechnophile.Industrializationfirstcausesariseinproductiongrowth,andthemechanizationoffanningbringsaboutanagriculturalsurplus.Fewerfarmerscansupportmorepeople---andthuslargerurbanpopulations.Workersnolonger34onthefarmsmovetothecity.
Thereis,then,displacementofpeoplefromruraltourbanareas(populationdisplosion)andagreater35ofpeopleinalimitedarea(populationimplosion).Thedevelopmentofothernewtechnologiesspursonurbanization.Improvedtransportation,forexample,speedsthe36offoodandothermaterialstourbancenters.
The37oftheseeventswastheindustrialcity.Comparedwiththepreindustrialcity,theindustrialcitywaslarger,moredenselysettledandmorediverse.Itwasaplacewherelargenumbersofpeople—withawiderangeofskills,interests,andculturalbackgrounds---couldliveandworktogetherina(n)38Cspace.Also,unlikethepreindustrialcity,whichhadserved39asareligiousorgovernmentcenter,theindustrialcitywasacommercialhub.Infact,itsabundantjobopportunityattractedsomanyruralmigrantsthatmigration40forthelargestshare
ofitspopulationgrowth.Withoutthesemigrants,citieswouldnothavegrownatallbecauseofthehighmortalityratebroughtaboutbyextremelypoorsanitaryconditions.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionADirections:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
We'veallheardthedangersofhelicopterparenting.Remainingtoo41inakid'slife,especiallythroughoutcollege,canleadtodepression,lackofself-relianceandfeelingsofentitlement.
Superficially,thiswisdomissound.Butsomeacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheyseesignsofatroublingbacklash(反冲).Theconcern:
wasningsthatmomsanddadsshould42“the
overparentingtrap”---arediscouragingparentsfromgettinginvovledatall.
Yes,parentscanbeintrusive.43,thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusing
tostepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.Onemomkept44(aboutherson'ssignsofdepressionuntilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantt“ohelicopterin.”
Thatmeanscolleges,whichhavespentthepastdecadelearningt4o5parentswhogettooinvolved,nowhaveadifferent46.Butthesolutiontobothisthesame:
devisingwaystochannelmomsanddadsintotherightkindof47role.Muchofthisbeganbecauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudents
48withtheirparentslikeneverbefore,thankstosmartphones.Andwith49ineducationsoaring,universityleadershavestartedtoviewparentsasinvestmentpartners.Mostofthemhavepaidforthiseducationfortheirchildrenorgoneintodebtforthiseducation.Andinsomesense,they*reentitledtoknowandbeassuredthatcollegesare50theirchildren's
welfare.
Crucially,parent-outreachprogramshavealsoservedasbuffers(缓冲),51students---orworse,theirprofessors~thediscomfortofthenagging.AttheUniversityofMaryland,forexample,theparentofficehashandledfor52weeklyacademic-progressreports,whichdonotexistinhighereducation^Parentsjustwanttoknowtheyhaveaplacetogowheresomeonewilllistento
theirconcerns.
Butnow,withsomemomsanddadscautiousofevencontactingtheschoolinthefirstplace,thosesameprogramsarebeingusedtoencourageamorebalancedapproach,oftenviablogs,emailandFacebook.Parentsarenowadvisedtobeaguide,whileacknowledgingthatthe53ownsthejourney.Thatmeansaskingquestions,listeningtoanswers,beingpatientandtrustingkidstoresolvetheirownproblems.Butifissues54,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper,atleastforalittlewhile.hinkaboutit,helicoptersareusefultools,”saysChelseaPetree,whoislaunchingaparent-outreachprogram.'Theycanseethingsweonthe55can'tseeandgettoemergenciesquickerthan
wecan.Theycanswoopinwhenneeded“.Thekeyisthattheygobackup”.
41.A.independent
B.
involved
C.
detached
D.enclosed
42.A.Set
B.
sense
C
.avoid
D.ensure
43.A.Besides
B.Similarly
C.Actually
D.However
44.A.alert
B.quiet
C.
informed
D.unaware
45.A.copewith
B.
keepoff
C
.turndown
D.settledown
46.A.attitude
B.
problem
C
.approach
D.nature
47.A.supportive
B.
informative
C.
neutral
D.superior
48.A.identified
B.
matched
C.
obsessed
D.connected
49.A.complaints
B.
costs
C.
demands
D.sufferings
50.A.Takingcareof
B.keepingtrackofC.lookingforwardtoD.takingpart
51.A.Costing
B.
winning
C.granting
D.sparing
52.A.Demands
B.
passion
C
.distraction
D.priorities
53.A.professor
B.
parent
C.student
D.college
54.A.persist
B.
exist
C
.arise
D.decline
55.A.surface
B.ground
C
.panel
D.craft
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
Louisianansbelieveinleadingahealthylifestylethatisactivelyinvolvedinpreservingtheearth'senvironmentandresources.AccordingtoLouisianans,respectforone'sownmentalandphysicalhealthshouldexistinparallelwithcarefortheearth'secology.Theybelievetheiractions,inthisway,canhaveapositiveeffectonourglobalenvironmentandmightbeabletoreversethenegativeeffectsofmindless,selfishconsumption.
Ontheroad,Louisiananstendtopreferbicyclesasameansoftransportation,sincebikesproducenopollution,takeuplessspacethancars,andallowriderstosimultaneouslyexerciseandcommutetoandfromworkorschool.Offtheroad,Louisiananswanttoentereco-friendlystructures.Therefore,favoredbuildingsforthemwillbethoseusingwater,electricity,andotherresourcesmoreefficiently.Thiscanbeachievedthroughemploying“greenbuilding
techniques,includingwell-thought-outdesignandtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials,.suchasorganicpaintandheat-insulatingtiles.
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