初中英语被动语态讲义精品.docx
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初中英语被动语态讲义精品.docx
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初中英语被动语态讲义精品
被动语态讲义
(一)
(二)
被动语态
(一)
一、基本知识。
英语动词有两种语态:
主动语态(theActiveVoice)
被动语态(thePassiveVoice)
A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Weplantedthetree.
B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Thetreewasplantedbyus.
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(+by)构成。
(一)被动语态基本用法:
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。
(二)被动语态的基本结构:
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词+by构成,当不想强调动作执行者时,by可省略,时态通过be表现出来。
be+过去分词
注:
后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态
不同时态的具体结构:
1.一般现在时:
is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词
NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.
A.speaks
B.isspoken
C.wasspoken
2.一般过去时:
was/were+及物动词的过去分词
Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.
A.wasfound
B.isfound
C.waslookedfor
3.现在完成时:
has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词
Threebridges____sincelastyear.
A.havebuilt
B.werebuilt
C.havebeenbuilt
4.一般将来时:
will+be+及物动词的过去分词
begoingto+be+及物动词的过去分词
Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.
A.willsendup
B.willbesentup
C.aresentup
5.含有情态动词:
情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
Flowers____everyday.
A.hasbeenwatered
B.shouldbewatered
C.shouldwater
6.现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词
Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroomnow.
Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.
现在学生们正在打扫教室。
(arecleaning变为isbeingcleaned)
7.过去进行时:
was/were+being+done
Theworkersweremendingtheroadatthattimeyesterday.
Theroadwasbeingmendedatthattimeyesterday.
昨天那个时候这些工人正在修路。
歌诀:
被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面
(三)主动语态变被动语态:
(四)被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。
ThesecarsweremadeinChina.
课堂练习:
一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态,并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。
1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.
2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.
3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?
4.Isawtheboyentertheroom.
5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?
6.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.
7.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.
8.Whoisrepairingthebike?
9.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.
二、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。
1.Canhe________(speak)English?
2.Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?
3.Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.
4.TheseTVsets________(make)inSiChuan.
5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight?
6.Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.
7.________thebook________(return).
8.Rice________(grow)inthesouth.
9.Thewindow________(notbreak)bytheboy.
10.I________(tell)he________(notcome)justnow.
三、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。
1.English________(speak)inmanycountries.
2.Informationinshort-termmemory___________(can,not,keep)verylong.
3.Afterthat,oneofthelights__________(turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.
4.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes___________(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.
5.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook_______(print)now.
6.Theoldhouse_______(pull)downnextmonth.
7.Intheolddays,thechildren_______(takecareof)bythemotherbecauseshedidnot
workoutsidethehouse.
8.Needlesstosay,thesecondlistofwords___________(can,remember)moreeasilythanthefirstone.
9.She_______(send)toanothervillagewhenIgotthere.
10.Theteachersaidthatwe_________(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwe
failedintheexam.
被动语态
(二)
一、被动语态的特殊情况:
1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:
1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.
Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.
2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.
Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.
3)Iseehimwalktoschool.
Heisseentowalktoschool.
2.不用被动语态的动词:
小练习:
Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany(纠正句中的错误)
1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball.
2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity.
3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?
4)Classisbegunat7:
30everyday.
5)Hisplanissoundedgood.
二、时态语态练习。
(一)单项选择。
1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.
A.arecausedB.werecaused
C.havecausedD.willcause
2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.
A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewed
C.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed
3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.
A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving
4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.
A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted
5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.
A.allowsB.doesn'tallow
C.isallowedD.isn'tallowed
6.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.
A.willkeepB.haskept
C.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept
7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.
A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen
(二)将下列句子改为被动语态,并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。
1.Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.
2.Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.
3.Hewroteapoem.
4.Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.
5.Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.
6.Childrencouldn’thavedoneallthisdamage.
7.Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.
8.Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.
9.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.
10.Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.
(三)根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?
为题目的短文,要求内容齐全,上下文连贯。
尽量使用被动语态,80词左右。
1.树要在春天种;
2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;
3.把树放进坑里,扶直;
4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;
5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;
6.用绳子(rope)把棍子和树绑起来;
7.浇好水
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