考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案
2013年考研英语一真题
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,
B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmaking
individualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaring
toosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalready
sentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___
ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthe
sameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.The
interviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numerousfactors
intoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreonthe
GranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800
points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___
theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___.
1.
[A]grants
[B]submits
[C]transmits
[D]delivers
2.
[A]minor
[B]objective
[C]crucial
[D]external
3.
[A]issue
[B]vision
[C]picture
[D]external
4.
[A]Forexample
[B]Onaverage
[C]Inprinciple
[D]Aboveall
5.
[A]fond
[B]fearful
[C]capable
[D]thoughtless
6.
[A]in
[B]on
[C]to
[D]for
7.
[A]if
[B]until
[C]though
[D]unless
8.
[A]promote
[B]emphasize
[C]share
[D]success
9.
[A]decision
[B]quality
[C]status
[D]success
10.
[A]chosen
[B]studied
[C]found
[D]identified
11.
[A]exceptional
[B]defensible
[C]replaceable
[D]otherwise
12.
[A]inspired
[B]expressed
[C]conducted
[D]secured
13.
[A]assigned
[B]rated
[C]matched
[D]arranged
14.
[A]put
[B]got
[C]gave
[D]took
15.
[A]instead
[B]then
[C]ever
[D]rather
16.
[A]selected
[B]passed
[C]marked
[D]introduced
17.
[A]before
[B]after
[C]above
[D]below
18.
[A]jump
[B]float
[C]drop
[D]fluctuate
19.
[A]achieve
[B]undo
[C]maintain
[D]disregard
20.
[A]promising
[B]possible
[C]necessary
[D]helpful
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,
scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’affecther,Priestly
explainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashion
showstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundher
garment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldnbe’tmoreoutofdateoratodds
withthefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’threes-yearindictmentof
“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabels
suchasZara,H&M,
andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipate
demandmore
precisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.
Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonly
awashortwo,althoughtheydon
’tadvertiseandtothatrenewtheir–wardrobeeveryfewweeks.
Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashion
cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera
$5.95knitminiskirt
inallits2,300-pius
storesaroundthe
world,itmustrely
onlow-wage
overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmful
chemicals.
Overdressedis
thefashionworld’sanswerto
consumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichael
Pollan’ThesOmnivore’Dilemmas.
“Mass-produced
clothing
likefastfood,fills
ahungerand
need,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,
”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billion
garmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,this
excessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarah
KateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes
–andbeautifully.ButasClineis
thefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan
.
’tbekno
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborand
theenvironment–includingH&M,
with
itsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieves
lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomany
advocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystart
shoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan
’taffordnotto.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.
[B]insensitivitytofashion.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.
[D]lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste.
[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim
thosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyone
tostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft
somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsother
“behavioural
’sd
productsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:
"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves
[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers
[D]providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:
[A]onlineadvertisers
[B]e-commerceconductors[C]digitalinformationanalysis
[D]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads
[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers
[D]goesagainsthumannature
29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?
[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose
[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT
[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers
[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads
30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
[A]indulgence
[B]un
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