最全面英国文学史知识点总结.docx
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最全面英国文学史知识点总结.docx
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最全面英国文学史知识点总结
英国文学史
I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
Artisticfeatures:
1.Usingalliteration
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵)
SomeexamplesonP5
2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
②
③
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
①
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③
2.ThomasMore托马斯莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①
3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的着作中提出了知识就是力量这一着名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
①
②
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4.BenJonson
①
②
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
①
②
③
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
②FourComedies四大喜剧:
③FourTragedies四大悲剧:
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
①Epics:
②Dramaticpoem:
③
④
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式着作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①ReligionaryAllegory:
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
IVThe18thCentury
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1.AlexanderPope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
①
Artisticfeatures:
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
②
③
2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary=
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
①
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国
Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛
Houyhnhnm马岛
②
③
④
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731
小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
①
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
②
③
④
5.HenryFielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
②plays:
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
②novel:
7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8.WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克1757~1827
①
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
②
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
③
9.RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850
(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
TheLakePoets)
①
②
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey
④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女
②
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834
TheLakePoets
①
②
③
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