Chapter06-竞争.pptx
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Chapter06-竞争.pptx
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竞争CompetitionMcGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.市场结构MarketStructure指一个行业中厂商的绝对数量以及相对大小的概念。
Thenumberandrelativesizeoffirmsinanindustry.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.双寡头Duopoly垄断Monopoly寡头垄断Oligopoly不完全竞争Imperfectcompetition完全竞争垄断竞争PerfectMonopolisticcompetitioncompetition市场结构MarketStructuresMcGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.竞争性厂商CompetitiveFirm完全竞争厂商不能支配市场。
Aperfectlycompetitivefirmisonewithoutmarketpower.厂商不能左右其产品价格。
Itisnotabletoalterthemarketpriceofthegooditproduces.谷物市场是完全竞争市场的例子。
Acornfarmerisanexampleofaperfectlycompetitivefirm.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.竞争市场CompetitiveMarket在完全竞争市场中,任何生产者消费者都不能控制该市场。
Acompetitivemarketisoneinwhichnobuyerorsellerhasmarketpower.高技术的电子产品和农产品在竞争性市场上销售。
Hightechelectronicsandagriculturalgoodsaresoldincompetitivemarkets.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.垄断Monopoly垄断指单独一家企业提供了某种商品或服务的全部供给。
Amonopolyfirmisonethatproducestheentiremarketsupplyofaparticulargoodorservice.你们的地方有线电视公司就是垄断的一个例子。
YourlocalcableTVcompanyisanexampleofamonopolyfirm.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.市场支配力MarketPower市场支配力是指改变市场商品或服务价格的能力。
Marketpoweristheabilitytoalterthemarketpriceofagoodorservice.你们大学书店有市场支配力。
Yourcampusbookstorehasmarketpower.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.不完全竞争ImperfectCompetition不完全竞争介于垄断和完全竞争之间。
Imperfectcompetitionisbetweentheextremesofmonopolyandperfectcompetition.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.不完全竞争ImperfectCompetition双寡头是指只有两家企业提供产出。
Induopolyonlytwofirmssupplyaparticularproduct.寡头垄断是指少数几家大企业完全或几乎完全控制某一产业。
Inoligopolyafewlargefirmssupplyallormostofaparticularproduct.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.垄断竞争指许多企业共同市场本质上相同的商品,但不同品牌的产品有差异。
Inmonopolisticcompetitionmanyfirmssupplyessentiallythesameproductbuteachhasbrandloyalty.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.不完全竞争ImperfectCompetition完全竞争PerfectCompetition完全竞争性厂商几乎都不知名。
Perfectlycompetitivefirmsareprettymuchfaceless.他们没有商标,也没有实际的市场识别标志。
Theyhavenobrandimage,norealmarketrecognition.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.完全竞争厂商是:
(Aperfectlycompetitivefirmisone.)每个企业的厂商相对于市场而言都是如此之小.whoseoutputissosmallinrelationtomarketvolume,它们的产出决策无法影响市场价格。
.thatitsoutputdecisionshavenoperceptibleimpactonprice.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.完全竞争PerfectCompetition价格接受者PriceTakers完全竞争厂商是价格的接受者。
Aperfectlycompetitivefirmisapricetaker.个别厂商的产出不会影响市场价格。
Individualfirmsoutputdecisionsdonotaffectthemarketprice.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.个别厂商必须接受市场价格,并在此约束下尽可能做到最好。
Individualfirmsmusttakethemarketpriceanddothebesttheycanwithintheseconstraints.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.价格接受者PriceTakers市场需求和企业需求MarketDemandvs.FirmDemand你必须区别市场需求曲线与单个厂商所面临的需求曲线。
Youmustdistinguishbetweenthemarketdemandcurveandthedemandcurveconfrontingaparticularfirm.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.市场需求曲线总是向下倾斜的。
Themarketdemandcurveisalwaysdownwardsloping.完全竞争厂商所面临的需求曲线是水平的。
Thedemandcurvefacingaperfectlycompetitivefirmishorizontal.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.市场需求和企业需求MarketDemandvs.FirmDemandMarketSupply市场供给MarketDemand市场需求peDemandfacingsinglefarmer单个养殖者面对的需求peEquilibriumprice均衡价格市场需求和企业需求Marketvs.FirmDemandQUANTITY(thousandfishperday)数量QUANTITY(fishperday)数量DemandforIndividualFarmersCatfish对单个养殖者的鲶鱼市场TheCatfishMarket鲶鱼市场PRICEMcGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.(perfish)价格企业生产决策TheFirmsProductionDecision产出水平的选择即使企业的生产决策。
Choosingarateofoutputisafirmsproductiondecision.它是根据现有的厂房和设备选择产出率。
Itistheselectionoftheshort-termrateofoutputwithexistingplantandequipment.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.产出和收益OutputandRevenues如果竞争性厂商增加产出,其销售收入必然升高。
Themoreoutputacompetitivefirmproduces,thegreateritsrevenueswillbe.McGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.总收益等于一定时期产品价格与销售数量的乘积。
Totalrevenueisthepriceofaproductmultipliedbythequantitysoldinagiventimeperiod.总收益价格数量Totalrevenue=pricexquantityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin2002TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.产出和收益OutputandRevenues收益和利润Revenuesvs.Profits利润是总收益与总成本之间的差额Profitisthedifferencebetweentotalrevenueandtotalcost.最大产出与总收益的最大
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