版《188套重组优化卷》高考英语总复习Section 16 短文改错.docx
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版《188套重组优化卷》高考英语总复习Section16短文改错
Section16 短文改错
解题技巧
一、分清错误的类型,对症下药
1.缺词
短文改错中所缺的词常常是冠词、介词、代词等虚词,它通常与词的搭配相关,比如:
见到名词,应考虑是否缺了冠词;见到动词,可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词;见到某些固定表达,如infact,assoonas等,应考虑是否完整;还有某些短语加冠词与不加冠词意义不同,如infrontof,inthefrontof;某些短语加介词与不加介词用法不同,如:
asaresult,asaresultof。
高考常考点具体如下表所示:
命题角度
考查点
解题思路
名词
冠词
名词前是否缺冠词
动词
介词或代词
不及物动词后是否缺介词,及物动词后是否缺少代词
不定式
不定式符号to
不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的不定式符号to
被动语态
助动词be
被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be
固定表达
习惯表达法
习惯表达法中是否漏了不可缺少的词
典型例题:
①InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.
答案及分析:
在as后加a。
car是可数名词,此处表示“有一辆汽车冲了过来”,表泛指,故要用a。
②Forexample,howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleftthelightsortelevisionwhennooneelsewasthere?
答案及分析:
在television后面加on。
句意:
例如,当那里没人的时候,有多少次你让电灯或电视开着就离开了房间?
leave...on表示“让……开着”。
③TherewasoneinparticularI’dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn’tlooking.
答案及分析:
在put后加it。
及物动词put后缺少宾语,代替“我特别想要的那个玩具”要用it。
2.多词
短文改错中多余的词常常是虚词,如冠词、介词、代词、副词、连词等。
一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词、副词或其他词;另一种是根据全句的结构和意义,判断是否多了连词或其他词。
高考常考点具体如下表所示:
命题角度
考查点
解题思路
名词
冠词
抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词表泛指是否多了冠词
动词
介词
及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词
不定式
不定式符号to
不定式是否多了应该省略的不定式符号to
时间或地
点状语
介词
时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词
形容词、
副词
比较结构
形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了more或most
固定表达
习惯表达法
习惯表达中是否画蛇添足
典型例题:
①Otherwise,itisimpossibleforthemtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiptolastlong.
答案及分析:
把last前的to去掉。
make表示“使,让”,后面接宾语补足语时,用省略to的不定式,构成makesbdosth结构。
②Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.
答案及分析:
把great前的a去掉或者把efforts改为effort。
固定表达makeaneffort或者makeefforts表示“努力”。
③Iguessed,evenatthatage,Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoyorfacemycousinagain;IwouldalwaysknowI’ddonesomethingwrong.
答案及分析:
把enjoy后的to去掉。
固定表达enjoydoing...表示“喜欢做某事”。
3.错词
错词是短文改错题中最主要的错误类型,错词的情况最为复杂,大致可分为虚词选择错误,实词用法错误,同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。
但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误,特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注,对于平时常常疏忽、易出错的地方要精心改正,做题时更要小心仔细。
高考常考点具体见前面的第二部分短文改错错误类型分析。
二、保持原意的原则
做题时应遵循保持句子原意的原则,即不能随便改变文章或作者所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系,只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑关系错误进行改正,且小改不能大改。
换词不能改意,加词不能增意,去词不能减意。
如有多种改法,应以保持原意为条件,择其善者而从之。
典型例题:
①Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnforoneanother,andthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.
答案及分析:
将for改为from。
固定表达learnfromsb向某人学习,符合语境。
也有同学把for改为about,learnabout了解……的有关情况,但改变了原意,作者想说的是“相互学习”,而不是“相互了解情况”。
②TheyfinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents’andmadeourownwayhome.
答案及分析:
将They改为We。
根据语篇和后面的ourownway和句意可知,这里指的是“我们”。
也有同学把our改为their,但改变了原意,整篇文章叙述用的是第一人称,如果改成their就与语篇的人称不相符。
A
(2016·全国Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig,buttheRestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomePeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.
B
(2016·全国Ⅱ)Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.
C
(2016·全国Ⅲ)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ieverfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.
D
(2016·四川高考)ItisMother’sDaytoday.Thoughit’sawesternfestival,it’spopularinChinanow.
Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.Sheisagreatmother.BothDadorIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse,andthenwentonshopping.Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.Atdinner,wesaidtoher,“HappyMother’sDay!
”Momwasgratefulandmoving.
E
(2016·浙江高考)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday,we’dgreetheratthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowingus.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!
MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere.
A
(2015·全国Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.
B
(2015·全国Ⅱ)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!
DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.
C
(2015·浙江高考)Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Inthemornings,itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.Fartherinthedistance,Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.
D
(2015·陕西高考)Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.
Ataparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked,“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”
Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!
E
(2015·四川高考)
Hi,Janice,
It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.
AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.Wehangouttogetherduringlunchandafterschool.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasatime-wastingactivity!
Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?
Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?
Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.
Grace
F
(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethen-foralltheseyear-wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
G
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Mydreamschoolstartsat8:
30a.m.andendsat3:
30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.
Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.
H
(2014·浙江高考)IwastakingatraintoLondon’sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.
Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckourtickets.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingtheti
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