PET词汇表VOCABULARY LIST.docx
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PET词汇表VOCABULARY LIST.docx
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PET词汇表VOCABULARYLIST
VOCABULARYLIST
PreliminaryEnglishTest(PET)
IntroductiontothePETVocabularyList
ThePETVocabularyListgivesteachersaguidetothevocabularyneededwhenpreparingstudentsforthePETexamination.
BackgroundtotheList
ThePETlistwasoriginallydevelopedbyCambridgeESOLinconsultationwithexternalconsultantstoguideitemwriterswhoproducematerialsforthePETexamination.ItincludesvocabularyfromtheCouncilofEurope’sThreshold(1990)specificationandothervocabularywhichcorpusevidenceshowsishigh-frequency.ThelistcoversvocabularyappropriatetothislevelofEnglishandincludesreceptivevocabulary(wordsthatthecandidateisexpectedtounderstandbutwhichisnotthefocusofaquestion),andproductivevocabulary(wordsthatthecandidateneedstoknowtoansweraquestion).
ThelistdoesnotprovideanexhaustivelistofallwordswhichappearonthePETquestionpapersandcandidatesshouldnotconfinetheirstudyofvocabularytothelistalone.
HowtheListisUpdated
ThevocabularyofEnglishchangesovertime,withwordsbeingaddedandotherwordsfallingintodisuse.Inordertomaintainitscurrency,thePETlistisupdatedonanannualbasisbytheadditionandremovalofwords,usingacorpus-basedapproach.Suggestedadditionstothewordlistarecollatedandthefrequencyofthesewordsisobtainedbyreferencetoestablishedcorpora(electronicdatabases).Thecorporainquestionrepresentreceptiveandproductivelanguageingeneralcontexts.ThemaincorporausedforthevalidationofthePETVocabularyListare:
•theCambridgeLearnerCorpus(CLC)whichincludesover20millionwordsofwrittenlearnerEnglishatsixlevels;
•theBritishNationalCorpus(BNC)whichincludes100millionwordsofwrittenandspokennativespeakerdata.
OrganisationoftheList
•Wordsets
Somecategoriesofwordsalearneratthislevelmightbeexpectedtoknowarenotincludedinthealphabeticallistbutarelistedseparately.Wordsformedwithcommonaffixes,somecompoundsandwordsfromsomecommonwordsets,e.g.daysoftheweekaredescribedbelowandinAppendix1.Althoughsome‘grammarwords’(pronouns,modals,etc.)areincluded,the‘LanguageSpecification’sectionofthePETHandbook(availableunder‘Downloads’)shouldbeconsultedforamorecompletelisting.
•Exemplification
Examplephrasesandsentencesshowinghowwordsmightbeusedaregivenonlywherewordswithdifferentmeaningsneedtobeconstrainede.g.theuseofcaseislimitedto‘suitcase’:
candidatesarenotexpectedtoknowothermeanings,suchas‘alegalcase’.
PETVocabularyList2©UCLES2006
•PrefixesandSuffixes
AlistofpossibleprefixesandsuffixesisprovidedinAppendix2,andthesemaybecombinedwiththevocabularyitemsinthelistasappropriate.Wordswithanaffixwhichisnotincludedintheappendixarelistedseparatelyinthealphabeticallist.
•CompoundWords
Compoundwordsarenotincludedinthelistwherebothindividualwordsarepresentandthemeaningofthecompoundisliteralandtransparent,e.g.coursebook,schoolboy,shoemaker,underwater.Asimilarapproachhasbeenadoptedwithtwo-wordandhyphenatedcompounds,forexample,coffeebar,leisurecentre,home-made,open-air.
•Multi-wordVerbs
Multi-wordverbsarenotincludedinthelistiftheyhavealiteralmeaningandarecomposedofverbsandparticlesalreadyinthelist.Examplesof‘literal’multi-wordverbsarecomeinto,sitdown,asin‘Whynotcomeintothekitchenandsitdown?
’Ifthemeaningoftheverbisnottransparent,e.g.putthrough,getalong,thentheverbislistedandanexampleofusagegiven.
•TopicLists
InAppendix3wordshavebeengroupedtogetherundercommonPETthemes,suchas‘HouseandHome’,‘Sport’,‘FoodandDrink’.
UnsuitableTopics
CambridgeESOLexaminationsmustnotcontainanythingthatmightoffendorupsetcandidates,potentiallyaffecttheirperformanceordistractthemduringtheexamination.Anumberof‘sensitive’topicsareconsideredunsuitableforuseinPET,forexample,warandpolitics,andvocabularyrelatingtotheseisnotincludedintheVocabularyList.
PersonalVocabulary
ThecontentofthePETlistisgeneralinnatureandisunlikelytocovercompletelytheproductivevocabularythatmayberequiredbyallcandidates.Candidatesshouldknowthespecificlexistheywillneedtodescribethemselvesandtheirlives,forexample,work,hobbies,likesanddislikes.
Abbreviations
AbbreviationsusedintheVocabularyListare:
abbrevabbreviationoracronym
adjadjective
advadverb
AmEngAmericanEnglishBrEngBritishEnglishconjconjunction
detdeterminerexclamexclamationintinterjection
nnoun
phrvphrasalverb
plplural
preppreposition
prepphrprepositionalphrase
pronpronounsingsingularvverb
SummaryofPointstobenoted
•ThelistdoesnotincludeeverywordthatmayappearonaPETpaper.
•Thelistcoversreceptiveandproductivevocabulary.
•Itisupdatedeveryyear.
PETVocabularyList4©UCLES2006PETVocabularyList5©UCLES2006
A
ability(n)能力
able(adj)能够
about(adv&prep)大约,关于
•about500students(adv)大约500个学生
•Thefilmisaboutasmallboy.(prep)这部电影是关于一个小男孩的
above(prep)在之上abroad(adv)在国外地absent(adj)缺席accept(v)接收
access(n)['ækses]
n.通路,进入,使用之权
v.存取
•disabledaccess
•internetaccessaccident(n)['æksidənt]基本翻译
n.事故,意外的事
accommodation(n)住宿accompany(v)陪同,伴随accordingto(prep)通过,根据account(n)账户
accurate(adj)准确的ache(n&v)疼痛achieve(v)到达across(prep)穿过act(n&v)行动
•inthesecondact(oftheplay)
(n)第二幕
•toactinaplay(v)表演
•toactstrangely(v)行为怪异
action(n)行动active(adj)积极的activity(n)活动actor(n)演员actress(n)女演员
actual(adj)事实上的
ad(advertisement)(n)广告
add(v)增加
addition(n)附加
•inaddition另外additional(adj)附加的address(n)地址admire(v)羡慕,崇拜admission(n)准许
•charges/cost/priceadmit(v)准许
adult(adj&n)成年人
advanced(adj)先进的advantage(n)有点adventure(n)冒险advert(n)提及advertise(v)广告advertisement(n)广告advice(n)意见advise(v)提意见aeroplane(n)飞机afford(v)提供
afraid(adj)害怕after(prep)之后afternoon(n)下午
afterwards(adv)后来地
again(adv)又against(prep)反对age(n)年龄
aged(adj)上了年纪的agent(n)代理人agency(n)代理处ago(adv)从前
agree(v)同意ahead(adv)在前面aim(n&v)目标air(n)空气
air-conditioning(n)冷气机
airforce(n)空军airline(n)航空airmail(n)空邮airport(n)机场alarm(n)警报alarmclock(n)闹钟alike(adv)同样的alive(adj)活着的
all(adj,adv,det&pron)所有
allright/alright(adv)好的
allow(v)同意almost(adv)几乎alone(adv)独自一人
along(adv&prep)伴随aloud(adv)大声的alphabet(n)字母表already(adv)已经
also(adv)也
although(conj)尽管altogether(adv)在一起地always(adv)总是
a.m.(adv)上午
amazed(adj)吃惊的amazing(adj)令人惊讶的ambassador(n)大使ambition(n)野心ambulance(n)救护车
among(amongst)(prep)在三者之间
amount(n)数量amusing(adj)有趣的ancient(adj)古代的and(conj)和
angry(adj)愤怒的animal(n)动物ankle(n)脚踝
anniversary(n)周年纪念announce(v)宣布announcement(n)宣布annoy(v)使恼怒
annual(adj)年度的another(adj)另一个answer(n&v)回答answerphone(n)答复电话antique(adj&n)古董anxious(adj)担心的
any(adj&pron)任何一个anybody(pron)任何一个人anyhow(adv)不管怎样anyone(pron)无论谁anything(pron)任何事anyway(adv)无论如何anywhere(adv)无论何地apartfrom(prep)分开apartment(n)公寓
apologise(v)道歉apology(n)道歉appear(v)出现appearance(n)出现apple(n)苹果application(n)申请apply(v)
appointment(n)约会approach(v)到达approve(v)赞同,批准architect(n)建筑师area(n)地方,面积argue(v)争论
arm(n)胳膊armchair(n)扶椅army(n)军队
around(adv&prep)大约
arrange(v)分配arrest(v)逮捕arrival(n)到达arrive(v)到达art(n)艺术
article(n)文章,陈列品
artist(n)艺术家
as(adv&conj)最为,因为
aswell(adv)也
aswellas(prep)和什么一样好
ashamed(adj)感到羞愧的
ask(v)问
asleep(adj)睡着的aspirin(n)阿司匹林assistant(n)助手
at(prep)在
atall(prepphr)根本atfirst(prepphr)首先atlast(prepphr)最后
atleast(prepphr)至少atonce(prepphr)曾经atpresent(prepphr)目前
atthesametime(prepphr)同时
athlete(n)运动员
athletics(n)体育运用atmosphere(n)气氛,空气attach(v)附属
attack(n&v)攻击
attempt(v)尝试
attend(v)参加attention(n)注意attitude(n)态度attract(v)吸引attraction(n)吸引
attractive(adj)有吸引力的
audience(n)观众
aunt(n)阿姨
automatically(adv)自动地available(adj)有的,可得到的average(adj&n)平均
avoid(v)避免
awake(adj)唤醒
away(adv)远处,离开
awful(adj)糟糕的,可怕的
B
baby(n)婴儿
back(adv,adj&n)回去background(n)背景backpack(n)背包backwards(prep)向后的bad(adj)坏的
bag(n)包baggage(n)行李bake(v)烤balance(v)平衡balcony(n)阳台
bald(adj)秃子,秃头的
ball(n)球ballet(n)芭蕾balloon(n)气球banana(n)香蕉band(n)乐队
bandage(n)绷带
bank(n)银行
bankbalance(n)银行余额
banknote(n)
bar(n)酒吧,门栓barbecue(n&v)烧烤bare(adj)荒凉
baseon(phrv)基于,建立在。
。
基础上
baseball(n)棒球basement(n)地下室basic(adj)基础的
basin(n)脸盆basket(n)篮子basketball(n)篮球bat(n)球拍,蝙蝠bath(n&v)洗澡bathroom(n)浴室battle(n)战斗
bay(n)海湾
be(v)成为,是beach(n)海滩bean(n)豆子bear(n)忍受beard(n)胡子beat(v)击打
beautiful(adj)漂亮的because(conj)因为becauseof(prep)因为become(v)成为
bed(n)床bedroom(n)卧室bee(n)蜜蜂beef(n)牛肉
before(prep)从前
begin(v)成为
behave(v)表现,行为behind(prep)后面的believe(v)相信
bell(n)铃声
belong(v)属于
belongings(n)所有物
below(adv&prep)在下面的
belt(n)带
bend(n&v)弯曲
beneath(adv&prep)在下面
benefit(n&v)利益
beside(prep)旁边between(prep)在两者之间beyond(prep)超越
bicycle(n)自行车big(adj)大的bike(n)自行车bill(n)账单
•electricitybill
bin(n)垃圾箱,储物柜biography(n)专集biology(n)生物学
bird(n)鸟
birth(n)出生birthday(n)生日biscuit(n)饼干bit(n)一点
bite(n&v)咬bitter(adj)苦的black(adj)黑的blackboard(n)黑板blame(n&v)责备blank(adj)空白的
•ablankpieceofpaperblanket(n)毯子
bleed(v)流血
blind(adj&n)瞎的,盲目的
block(n)街区,阻止
•blockofflats街区公寓blond(e)(adj&n)金发女郎blood(n)血
blouse(n)女士衬衫blow(n&v)吹blue(adj)蓝色的
board(n&v)板,牌子,上飞机
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