AnAnalysisoftheSymblicArtinMobyDick.docx
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AnAnalysisoftheSymblicArtinMobyDick
本科生毕业论文
《白鲸》中的象征艺术分析
ANANALYSISOFTHESYMBOLIC
ARTINMOBYDICK
学生姓名
陈XX
所在专业
英语
所在班级
语英1081
申请学位
学士
指导教师
普XX
职称
教授
副指导教师
职称
答辩时间
2012年6月9日
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT(CHINESE)…………………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT(ENGLISH)………………………………………………………………………...II
1.Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..1
2.TheSymbolismoftheMainFiguresinMobyDick……………………………………………2
2.1TheSymbolismoftheWhiteWhale—MobyDick………………………………………2
2.1.1MeaningsofMobyDicktoCharactersintheBook………………………………2
2.1.2MeaningsofMobyDicktoReaders……………………………………………….2
2.2TheSymbolismofCaptainAhab…………………………………………………………3
2.2.1TheOriginofAhab………………………………………………………………...3
2.2.2TheSymbolicArtofAhab…………………………………………………………3
2.3TheSymbolismofPequodandQueequeg’scoffin………………………………………4
2.3.1TheSymbolicArtofPequod.……………………………………………………...4
2.3.2ThySymbolicMeaningofPequod’sFinalVoyage………………………………..5
2.3.3TheSymbolismofQueequeg’scoffin……………………………………………..5
3TheSymbolicMeaningsofMobyDick………………………………………………………...6
3.1AnalyzedfromSocialPolitics……………………………………………………………6
3.2AnalyzedfromtheRelationshipbetweenHumanandNature……………………………7
3.2.1TheRelationshipbetweenHumanandNatureintheBook………………………..7
3.2.2TheRelationshipbetweenHumanandNatureOutoftheBook…………………..8
3.3AnalyzedfromCulture……………………………………………………………………8
3.3.1AffirmationofIndianOriginalCulture…………………………………………….8
3.3.2TheIntrospectionofPuritanCulture………………………………………………9
3.3.3TheSenseofPrideofAmericanin19Century………………………………….10
4.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….11
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………...13
摘要
美国著名小说家赫尔曼·麦尔维尔在其长篇小说《白鲸》中充分运用了象征主义手法,创造了《白鲸》的永久魅力和超时空的文学价值。
每个读者对于小说中各种事物和人物的象征意义的理解都不一样,所以本文对小说中的象征手法应用及其象征意义的分析有利于读者对小说主题的理解,能让读者更好的体会到象征主义对美国文学造成的影响。
本文首先分析了象征手法在《白鲸》中几个重要元素上的应用,初步探讨了这几个元素的象征意义。
然后结合小说的创作背景分别从当时的社会政治、人与自然的关系和文化背景三个角度进一步研究小说的主题意义,同时分析了小说的象征意义对现代社会的启示。
本文由四部分组成。
第一部分是对文章的简介。
第二部分分析了小说中的各主要人物与事物的象征手法的运用。
第三部分从社会政治、人与自然的关系和文化背景三个方面系统分析了小说中主要人物与事物的象征意义。
最后一部分是对文章的总结。
关键词:
《白鲸》;船长亚哈比;裴阔德号;象征主义;艺术;分析
ABSTRACT
MobyDickisthemasterpieceofHermanMelville,afamousAmericannovelistof19centurywhousesthesymbolicmethodsinthenovelandmakesthenovelfullofpermanentartisticcharmandimmeasurableliteraryvalue.DifferentreaderhasdifferentcomprehensionsforthesymbolicmeaningsofthosefiguresinMobyDick.
ThispaperanalyzesthesymbolsandtheirsymbolicmeaningsfromwhichreaderscanhavebetterunderstandingsofthenovelandtastetheinfluencethatsymbolismmadeonAmericanliterature.ThispaperfirstlyanalyzesthesymbolismusedonseveralmainfiguresinMobyDick,andstudiestheirsymbolicmeaningstentatively;thendeeplyanalyzedthosesymbolicmeaningsfromsocialpolitics,therelationshipbetweenmanandnatureandculture,andstudiesthethematicmeaningofthisnovelanditsrevelationtomodernsociety.Thispaperconsistsof4parts.Thefirstpartisabriefintroductionofthepaper;thesecondpartdescribesthemainfiguresofMobyDickincludingthewhitewhaleMobyDick,CaptainAhab,PequodandQueequeg’scoffin;thethirdpartanalyzesthesymbolicmeaningsofthosesymbolsfromdifferentaspects,includingsocialpolitics,therelationshipbetweenhumanandnatureandtheculturebackground;thelastpartisabriefconclusion.
KEYWORDS:
MobyDick;CaptainAhab;Pequod;Symbolism;Art;Analysis
ANANALYSISOFTHESYMBOLICARTINMOBYDICK
EnglishMajor,200812321207,ChenZengqi
Supervisor:
PuYingshan
1.Introduction
1851,HermanMelvillehadhisnovelMobyDickpublished,whichwasnotastiratthattime.However,ahalfcenturylater,in1920s,thisbookhasbeenrecognizedasoneofthemostsignificantworksinAmericanliterature.
ThisstoryissetintheAmericanwhalinglifeearlyinthe19century,itismainlyaboutthecaptainAhabofPequodwholeadedthesailorshuntdownthewhitewhalecalledMobyDick,whichhadrippedofhisleg,andthestorywastoldbyayoungsailorcalledIshmael.
IshmaelwastiredofhislifeonlandandwenttoNantucket,thenmanagedtogetonawhalernamedPequod.Ahab,captainofPequod,wasmorethan50year-old,butstillfitandstrong,andoneofhislegswastakenbyMobyDickonhisearlyvoyage,sincethenhemadeuphismindtomakerevengeonMobyDick.Therefore,afterPequodwasputouttosea,AhabdespitethedissuasionoffirstmateStarbuck,forcedthesailorsvoyagedroundtheworld,inordertofindMobyDick.Finally,AhabfoundMobyDick,andhadfoughtwithitfor3daysfiercely.Atlast,sameastheprediction,MobyDickwasstabbedtodeath,andthePequodwasgoneandnoonewassurvivedbutIshmaelunexpectedlybyusingQueequeg’scoffin.
ThereasonwhyMobyDickissopopularinnowadaysisnotonlybecauseofitsdetaileddescriptionofthesceneandtheprocessthatAhabandhissailorschasingandhuntdownthewhitewhale.Fromthesurface-structure,thisnovelisastoryaboutwhaling,butfromthetechniqueofexpression,theauthorusedlotsofsymbolstosignifyhisownthoughtandunderstandingoftheworld.ItistheskilledsymbolismusedbyHermanMelvillethatmakesMobyDicksopopularthroughouttheworld.
ThisthesiswillanalyzethesymbolisminMobyDickfromtwofields.First,itanalyzesthesymbolismofthemainfiguresinthisnovel,includingthewhaleMobyDick,CaptainAhab,PequodandQueequeg’scoffin.Thenitwillexplainthesymbolicmeaningsofthosesymbolsinthenovelinseveralaspects,suchasthesocialstatus,therelationshipbetweenmanandnature,andculturalbackground.
2.TheSymbolismoftheMainFiguresinMobyDick
ThispartismainlytalkingaboutthesymbolismsusedinthosemaincharactersinMobyDick,includingthewhitewhaleMobyDick,theCaptainAhab,Queequeg,andsomefiguresplayimportantrolesinthearticle,suchasthewhalerPequodandQueequeg’scoffin.
2.1TheSymbolismoftheWhiteWhale—MobyDick
MobyDick,thegreatwhitewhale,possessesvarioussymbolicmeaningsforvariousindividuals,bothinthebookandoutofthebook.Inthebook,MobyDickhasdifferentmeaningsastodifferentcharactersinthestory.
2.1.1MeaningsofMobyDicktoCharactersintheBook
First,astoCaptainAhab,MobyDickisevil,istheonehewantstotakerevengeon,anditishisswornenemy.AhabvowedtoavengeandkillMobyDickforrippinghisleg,soheconsideredMobyDickashisaimofconquest.HeheatMobyDick,thinkofitnothingbuttheembodimentofevil,itmakeshimfurious,painful,andmessedupallhislife.InordertochaseandhuntdownMobyDick,Ahababandonedhisfamily,evensacrificedallsailors’life.ToAhab,MobyDickistheevilhemustdefeatanddestroy(KangQiang,2005:
12).
Second,astothefirstmateStarbuck,MobyDickisthesymbolofthepowerofjuggernaut.HeisclearthatMobyDickisnotanormalwhaleasthosetheyhadmet,itcandestroytheshipandkillallpeopleontheship.HetriedtopersuadeCaptainAhabtogiveupchasingMobyDick,buthefailed.Thoughhepredictedtheirtragicfate,hecandonothingtostopit.Therefore,inStarbuck’seyes,MobyDickisahorribleguillotine.
Third,astothesecondmateStubb,MobyDickisagoodchanceforhimtomakeprofit.Inthattime,blubber,spermacetiandwhaleboneplayaveryimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife,sowhalingwaslucrativeandbecametheeconomicpillarindustries.SoastoStubb,MobyDickishistooltomakemoney(LiYing,2003:
3-4).
Lastly,astoIshmael,MobyDickisthesymbolofnature.Inthe42chapter,IshmaelthinksthatthewhitenessofMobyDickisthepresentfromnature.InIshmael’seyes,MobyDickisbothgorgeousandevil.Itcanbepeaceful,kindandbeautiful,however,italsocanbebrutal,cruelandcrazy.Likehiswhiteness,it’snotonlythesymbolofpurityandinnocencebutalsothesymbolofdeathandevil(ChangYaoxin,1994:
23-41).
2.1.2MeaningsofMobyDicktoReaders
AstoMelville,MobyDickisthesymbolofnature,oneofthemostcommoninterpretationsofthewhaleisinitscomparisonstonature.Melvilledepictsthewhaleasbeinggracefulandpeacefulinitsnaturalhabitat,muchlikenatureingeneral.Heshowsthatwhenanoutsideforceinterruptsthetruecourseofnature,itcanresultinviolenceandunexpectedactionsofeitherofthetwo.Thewhaleisalsosimilartonatureinthatitisboundbynaturallaws,butthatwithintheselawstheyarecapableofbeingpowerfulandimmortal,atthesametimebeingtemperateandpeaceful(CaoLin,2003:
6).
2.2TheSymbolismofCaptainAhab
2.2.1TheOriginofAhab
ThenameAhaboriginatesfromTheOldTestament,itisthenameofaIsraeliKing.Similarly,thearchetypeoftheexperienceofCaptainAhabinMobyDickcanbefoundinBible.KingAhabbetrayedGodfortheinstigationofJezebel,thewifeofCanaanite.KingAhab’sconversiontoBaalriledGod,soIsraelwaspunishedwithdroughtandfamineforfewyears.However,KingAhabdidn’trepent,sotheprophetElijahcametoKingAhab,andpronouncedthejudgmentofGod(HanDexing,2000:
7).
ApartfromthenameofAhab,thestoryaboutCaptainAhabandthewhitewhaleMobyDickisalsooriginfromTheOldTestament.JonahwassenttoNinevehbyGodtosowthegoodseed,butinordertogetridofthecontrolofGod,JonahescapedonhisvoyagetoNineveh.Godknewit,andaspunishment,Godmadeatyphoononthesea,andthesailorsontheshipwithJonahweredangerous.Jonahconfessedtothesailorsthathewasthereasonforthetragedy,andaskedthemtothrowhimoff.Thosesailorsdidso,andgotsafe.Jonahwa
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