考研英语二新题型大纲样题.docx
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考研英语二新题型大纲样题.docx
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考研英语二新题型大纲样题
2012年考研英语二新题型大纲样题
Sample
(1)多项对应
Directions:
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthat
correspondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesin
therightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Theworldeconomyhasrunintoabrickwall.Despitecountlesswarningsinrecentyearsabouttheneedtoaddressaloominghungercrisisinpoorcountriesandloomingenergycrisisworldwide,worldleadersfailedtothinkahead.Theresultisaglobalfoodcrisis.Wheat,cornandricepriceshavemorethandoubledinthepasttwoyears,andoilpriceshavemorethantripledsincethestartof2004.Thesefood-priceincreasescombinedwithsoaringenergycostswillslowifnotstopeconomicgrowthinmanypartsoftheworldandwillevenunderminepoliticalstability,asevidencedbytheprotestriotsthathaveeruptedinplaceslikeHaiti,BangladeshandBurkinaFaso.Practicalsolutionstothesegrowingwoesdoexist,butwe’llhavetostartthinkingaheadandactingglobally.
Thecrisishasitsrootsinfourinterlinkedtrends.Thefirstisthechronicallylowproductivityoffarmersinthepoorestcountries,causedbytheirinabilitytopayforseeds,fertilizersandirrigation.ThesecondisthemisguidedpolicyintheU.S.andEuropeofsubsidizingthediversionoffoodcropstoproducebiofuelslikecorn-basedethanol.Thethirdisclimatechange;taketherecentdroughtsinAustraliaandEurope,whichcuttheglobalproductionofgrainin2005and2006.Thefourthisthegrowingglobaldemandforfoodandfeedgrainsbroughtonbyswellingpopulationsandincomes.Inshort,risingdemandhashitalimitedsupply,withthepoortakingthehardestblow.
So,whatshouldbedone?
Herearethreestepstoeasethecurrentcrisisandavertthepotential
foraglobaldisaster.Thefirstistoscale-upthedramaticsuccessofMalawi,afamine-pronecountryinsouthernAfrica,whichthreeyearsagoestablishedaspecialfundtohelpitsfarmersgetfertilizerandhigh-yieldseeds.Malawi’sharvestdoubledafterjustoneyear.AninternationalfundbasedontheMalawimodelwouldcostamere$10perpersonannuallyintherichworld,or$10billioninall.SuchafundcouldfighthungeraseffectivelyastheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TBandMalariaiscontrollingthosediseases.
Second,theU.S.andEuropeshouldabandontheirpoliciesofsubsidizingtheconversionof
foodintobiofuels.TheU.S.governmentgivesfarmersataxpayer-financedsubsidyof51centsper
galofethanoltodivertcornfromthefoodandfeed-grainsupply.Theremaybeacaseforbiofuels
producedonlandsthatdonotproducefoodstreecrops(likepalmoil),grassesandwoodproducts
butthere’snocasefordolingoutsubsidiestoputtheworld’scropsassoonandaseffectivelyaspossible.Forapoorfarmer,sometimessomethingassimpleasafarmpondwhichcollectsrainwatertobeusedforemergencyirrigationinadryspellcanmakethedifferencebetweenabountifulcropandafamine.TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFundtohelppoorregionsclimate-proofvitaleconomicactivitiessuchasfoodproductionandhealthcarebuthasnotyetacteduponthepromise.
[A]poorcountries
41.Anti-hungercampaignsaresuccessfulin[B]alltheworld
42.Productionofbiofuelsaresubsidizedin[C]theClimateAdaptationFund
43.Protestriotsoccurredin[D]theGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TBand
Malaria
44.Theeffortswerenotsosuccessfulwith[E]Bangladesh
45.Foodshortagebecomesmoreseriousin[F]Malawi
[G]theU.S.andEurope
Sample
(2)小标题对应
Directions:
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindingasubtitleforeachofthemarkedpartsor
paragraphs.Therearetwoextraitemsinthesubtitles.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
(10points)
[A]FollowOnlines
[B]Whisper:
KeepIttoYourself
[C]WordofExperience:
SticktoIt
[D]CodeofSuccess:
FreedandTargeted
[E]EfficientWorktoPromoteEfficientWorkers
[F]Recipe:
SimplicityMeansEverything
[G]EfficiencyComesfromOrder
Everydecadehasitsdefiningself-helpbusinessbook.Inthe1940sitwasHowtoWin
FriendsandInfluencePeople,inthe1990sTheSevenHabitsofHighlySuccessfulPeople.These
dayswe’reworriedaboutsomethingmuchsimpler:
GettingThingsDone.
41._________________________________
That’sthetitleofproductivityguruDavidAllen’pithy2001treatiseonworkingefficiently,
whichcontinuestoresonateinthisdecade’soverworked,overwhelmed,overtechedworkplace.Allenhasn’tjustsold500,000copiesofhisbook.Hehaspreachedhismessageoffocus,disciplineandcreativityeverywherefromSonyandNovartistotheWorldBankandtheU.S.AirForce.Hecounselsswampedchiefexecutivesoncopingwithinformationoverload.Heministerstosomeclientswithanintensive,two-day,$6,000privatesessioninwhichheandhisteamorganizetheirlivesfromtoptobottom.AndhehaswonthedevotionofacolyteswhodocumentontheirblogshowhisGettingThingsDone(GTD)programhaschangedtheirlives.
42._________________________________
Allenadmitsthatmuchofhisbasicrecipeiscommonsense.Freeyourmind,andproductivitywillfollow.Breakdownprojectsandgoalsintodiscrete,definableactions,andyouwon’bebotheredbyallthoseloosethreadspullingatyourattention.Firstmakedecisionsaboutwhatneedstogetdone,andthenfashionaplanfordoingit.Ifyou’vecatalogedeverythingyouhavetodoandallyourlong-termgoals,Allensays,you’relesslikelytowakeupat3a.m.worryingaboutwhetheryou’veforgottensomething:
“Mostpeoplehaven’trealizedhowoutofcontroltheirheadiswhentheyget300e-mailsadayandeachofthemhaspotentialmeaning.”43.
Whene-mails,phonecallsandto-dolistsaretrulyundercontrol,Allensays,therealchange
begins.Youwillfinallybeabletouseyourmindtodreamupgreatideasandenjoyyourliferather
thanjustoccupyitwithallthethingsyou’vegottodo.Allenhimself,despiterunninga$5.5
millionconsultingpractice,traveling200daysayearandjugglingabusinessthat’sgrowing40%
everyyear,findstimetojoyrideinhisMiniCooperandsculptbonsaiplants.Oh,andhehasearnedhisblackbeltinkarate.
44._________________________________
Fewcompanieshaveembraced‘Allen’sphilosophyasthoroughlyasGeneralMills,theMinnesota-basedmakerofCheeriosandLuckyCharms.Allenbeganatthecompanywithacoupleofprivatecoachingsessionsfortopexecutives,whoravedabouthisguidance.Allenandhisstaffnowholdsixtoeighttwo-daytrainingsessionsayear.Thecompanyhasalreadyputmorethan2,000employeesthroughGTDtrainingandplanstoexpanditcompany-wide.“Fadscomeandgo,”saysKevinWilde,GeneralMills’CEO,“butthiscontinuestowork.”
45._________________________________
ThemostfeveredfollowersofAllen’sorganizationalmethodologygatheronline.Websiteslikegtdindex,marvelz.comparseAllen’severyutterance.The43Foldersblogrananeight-partpod-castinterviewwithhim.GTDenthusiastslikeFrankMeeuwsen,onwhatsthenextaction.comgatherbestpracticetechniquesforimplementingthebook’sideas.Morethan60softwaretoolshavebeenbuiltspecificallytosupplementAllen’ssystem.
Sample(3)正误判断
Directions:
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbydecidingeachofthestatementsafterthetextis
TrueorFalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFifthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
ATreeProjectHelpstheGenesofChampionsLiveOn
Asaneaglewheelsoverheadagainstacrystallinebluesky,MartinFlanaganwalkstowarda
groveoftoweringcottonwoodtreesbesidetheYellowstoneRiver,whichisthecolorofchocolate
milkduetothespringrain.
AsMr.Flanaganleavestheglaringsunoftheprairieandenterstheshadygrove,hiseyessearchforaspecifictree.Ashereachesanarrow-leafcottonwood,atoweringgiant,hecraneshis
necktolookatthetop,“ThisistheoneIplantonominateforstatechampion,”hesays,pettingthebarkwithhishand.“It’sabeauty,isn’t?
”
WhenEuropeansfirstcametoNorthAmerica,oneofthelargestprimevalforestsintheworldcoveredmuchofthecontinent.ExpertssayasquirrelcouldhavetraveledfromtheAtlanticcoasttotheMississippiRiverwithouttouchingtheground.Butonlyabout3percentofAmerica’snativeold-growthforestremains,andmanyofthetreestheyholdarethosethatwerenotbigenoughtoattractalogger’seye.Theresultisagenerationoftreesthatbarelyresemblethenativeforeststhatoncecoveredthecountry.
Thatmakesomescientistssuspectthatthesurvivingforestshavelostmuchoftheirgeneticquality,themolecularmusclethatmadethemdominatethelandscape.Whentheloggerssweptthrough,thesescientistssay,onlypoorspecimenswerelefttoreproduce.Otherresearcherswonderwhetherenvironmentalfactorsorjustplainluckmayexplainagoodpartofthesupertrees’success.
Toanswerthosequestions,themightiesttreesoftheirtypes,orgeneticallyidenticaloffspring,mustbepreservedforstudy,andthatiswhatisbeingdonebyahandfulofenthusiasts,includingMr.FlanaganandDavidMilarch,anurserymanfromCopemish,Michigan.Theyaresearchingoutthelargesttreeofeachspeciesandtakingcuttingsofnewgrowthtomakecopiesofgeneticclonesofthegiants.Withtissuecultureandgrafting,theyhavereproduced52ofthe827livinggiantsandareplantingtheoffspringinwhattheycall“livinglibraries.”Morethan20,000offspringhavebeenplanted.
TheworkispartoftheChampionTreeProject,whichbegani
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