专八写作讲义完整.docx
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专八写作讲义完整.docx
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专八写作讲义完整
专八写作讲义
八级写作复习要点:
写长法(平时自己争取写到500字;将我们讲到的近年真题都要模写一遍,并与我们后面的分析和范文比较得失)
本核心教程
扩展阅读任何一本托福雅思写作参考书(考前1个月突击背诵该书中所有例子即可)
词汇和句型:
1)务必将本讲稿中所有范老师本人范文(见附录)以及学生样文、其他参考文章视作一个核心资源库,学习掌握所有动词句型结构。
2)熟练掌握开头、结尾的基本方法和各种类型段落的写作要点。
3)熟练掌握讲稿最后的谚语警句的附录。
我的4篇长篇范文见附录:
囊括了重要前沿句型和长句的风格示范,应熟练背诵后学会写长句的感觉。
然后在此基础上写2+1模式。
整体八级突击战术:
请大家在复习阅读、翻译过程中注意背诵和吸收好的词汇、例子和句型,这样和写作结合起来的整体战术对你全面突破八级最为有意义。
“书上有路勤为径”—奋斗100天
常见写作主要问题和错误类型
单词拼写错误;同义词替换不够,单词过于重复;句型变化不够;连词使用过少导致段内逻辑关系不够清晰;主体论述部分的分论点过于交叉或接近;不知道如何写中间论述段落,不知道如何展开。
审题不认真(后面我们将通过分析真题解析如何审读题目)
当您写作文时,应注意以下几个方面:
1.使用了正确的语法结构,比方说,动词时态一致、主谓一致、用词准确(尤其是名词、动词、形容词)、冠词错误和介词错误。
2.句式有变化:
定语从句,状语从句,强调句,被动句等优先考虑。
尤其“四大句
型”。
3.使用了一定的词汇量。
4.拼写没有错误。
5.在每段的主题句中都表明了这个段落的中心思想,所有扩展句都紧扣主题。
6.使用了过渡性词语,因而句子之间和段落之间都有逻辑性和条理性。
7.每一段话都得到充分的展开。
8.提供了足够的细节、例子或推理性论据。
9.明确的观点。
10.注意书法;尽可能不要分字;写大概10至12个字一行,这样可限制自己字体不会太大,字与字之间的空位也不会太大,而且数字时也比较方便;尽量选择粗线条的原子笔和蓝色墨水。
心理学来说,较粗的笔迹令人有较深的印象,但不可太粗,而蓝色
令人看得舒服和轻松;
11.审题时候认真思考,不要立即进入写作,找出自己的文章思路非常关键;
12•标点符号绝不能用错,少用感叹号(!
)和问号(?
),注意中英文逗号的区分用
法。
中国学生应学会使用两种标点(破折号+冒号),尤其对主题句有用。
书面语作文错误举例:
a)Lotsofpeoplethinkthattherailwaysaregettingworse.
Agreatnumberof\manybecoming
b)Youcan'talwaystrustthenumbersinthatreport.cannot
c)Thesecondthingisthatmostkidsinthatdistrictwillbecomecriminals.
Issue\aspect\pointchildren\youngpeople
d)Ithinkthatthere'sabigriskofmorestrikes,disorderetc.
关于使用Ilarge\major\significantx
e)Regrettably,theinflationinRussialedtoincreasedpoverty,illnessandsoon.death(usually3examples)
f)WhatwerethemaincausesoftheAmericanRevolution?
Don'tusequestionsinacademicwriting.
[学生例文反例修改]
WhyPeopleAttendCollege
Collegeisaplacewherepeoplecangetknowledgebothinstudyandlife.Inmyopinion,themainreasonwhypeopleattendcollegeisthatstudents'abilitiescanbeperfectedinthecollege.
〖修改稿〗Get:
obtain,gain,attain,achieve,accomplish,acquire,secure,grasp,receive,realize,earn,reap
Fromthefirstdays\earliestdaysofitsemergenee,collegeisauniversallyacknowledgedworldwherepeoplecangainmuchknowledgeforacademy,careerandlifephilosophy.
Generally,themainreasonswhypeopleattendcollegeincludethedevelopmentofindividualstudy\personalindependentlifestyle,thecultivationofknowledgeandthesuccessfuladaptationtocommunitylife.
原稿分论点1
Firstly,thestudentseducatedincollegewillgetmoreinself-taughtabilities.Whenintheprimaryschooltheywereusedtofollowingtheteachers'orders,suchas,whatshouldberecordedduringtheclass,whatshouldberecitedafterclassandwhatexercisesshouldbedoneexceptthehomeworks.Allofthisinthecollege,however,shouldbearrangedbythemselves.Howtolearnandhowtolearnwellalldependuponthemselves'plan.
修改稿
Firstly,studentseducatedincollegewillacquiremoreinself-taughtabilities.Whenintheseniorhighschooltheyusedtofollow\areusedtofollowingtheteachers'orders,such
aswhatshouldberecordedduringtheclass,whatshouldberecitedafterclassandwhatexercisesshouldbedoneexcepttheirhomework\assignments.(未完继续)
Alloftheseincollege,however\though,havetobearrangedbythemselves.Whattolearnandhowtolearnwellalldependupontheirownacademicplansandschedules.可以进一步扩充为independentlifestyle以区别下一段学习,首段应改为独立生活方式。
原稿分论点2
Secondly,thestudentscanlearnmoreknowledgewhichtheycan'tgetfrombooks.Therearealotoffamousprofessorsandscholarsinthecollege,whohavealargeamountofknowledgeintheirownfields.Sometimestherearesomespeechestoshowtheirideastoothers,andthestudentswillhavesoluckychancestoenrichtheirbrainsandhearts.Furthermore,bythisway,studentswillbecomemoreintelligent,whichishelpfulintheirfuturejobs.
修改稿
Secondly,collegestudentscangainmoreaccesstoeducationinknowledgeofallbranches,whichtheyareabletofind\receivefrombooks.Collegeisregardedasasacredintellectualinstitutionfullof\wherestudentsmaycomeacrossoncampusfamous\renownedprofessorsandscholarshitherandthither,whopossess\accumulate\master\boastalargeamountofknowledgeintheirrespectiveresearchareasandfields.(待续)Manyinformativeandinstructivespeechesandforums,moreoftenthannot,areoffered\held\madetothoseyoungsters,whohavesoluckychancestoenrich\refine\expandtheirsoulsandhearts\soulsandbrains\\broadentheirhorizons,opentheirmindsandsharpentheirthoughts.Hence,bythisway,studentswillbecomemoreopen-minded,whichwillbehelpful\beneficial\wholesome\conducivetotheirfuturevocation\career.
原稿分论点3
Thirdly,thestudentscanlearnhowtoliveingroups.Studyingincollegemakesthemhavetofacealotofproblemstogether.Howtosolvethemattersandhowtounderstandothersisanimportantsubjecttolearn.Suchpracticewillhelpthemdevelopabilitiestocommunicatewithothersandstrangersintheirfuturelife.
修改稿
Thirdly,studentsatuniversitymaylearnbetterhowtoliveingroupstoattainmoresocialexperiences\tofostermoreinteractivepowerinacommunity.Intellectualworkinschoolsandcollegesisreadytoconfrontstudentswithawidevarietyofproblemsineverypossibleway.Forexample,itisanimportantsubjectforeachandeveryfreshmantolearnhowtoovercomedifficultiesandtroublesandhowtoharmoniouslycopewith\livewith\dealwiththeirroommates,classmatesandfriends.(待续)
Moreover\likewise,suchpractices\eventsasparties,clubs,seminarsandsportsactivities\gameswillhelpthemdevelopabilities\capabilitiestocommunicatewithpeoplearoundforalltherestoftheirlife.
原稿结论段
Inaword,studentscannotonlygetnecessaryknowledge,butalsogetmorepracticeoftheirownabilities,whichishelpfulfortheirdevelopment.(原稿共计226字)修改稿结论
Inaword,bygoingtocollege,notonlycanstudentsachieveagoodmajorityofnecessaryknowledge,butalsoobtainmoreopportunitiestofoster\develop\cultivate\bringuptheirspiritualvaluesandinterpersonalcommunicativeskills,thusenhancingtheirpotentialenrichment\betterment\advancementincharacter,careerandsociallife.
(修改稿共计430字;但本文含很多同义词)书面语实用连词和副词短语:
表次序和时间:
first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),firstofall,next,finally,eventually,meanwhile,gradually,stepbystep,inthefuture,inthepast,recently,currently,firstandforemost,then,lastofall,eventually,lastly,lastbutnotleast,foronething,onetheonehand…ontheotherhand;before,since,as,until,meanwhile,atthemoment,whenever,assoonas,justas
表程度和附加:
severely,seriously,heavily,strongly,possibly,perhaps,probably,likely,
obviously,apparently,seemingly,unknowingly,maybe,aswell,mayaswell,rarely,hardly,seldom,also,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,besides(书面语中最好少用whatismore),exceptfor,apartfrom,aswellas,asmentionedabove(earlier),including表相似或相反:
similarly,inthesameway,aswellas,again,both,neither,although,bethatasitmay,but,eventhough,however,incontrast,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,yet,inspiteof,despite,whereas,inotherwords,itseemsthat,itappearsthat,otherwise,while,whereas,whilst表总结和结束:
toconclude,allinall,inconclusion,tosumup,inaword,inbrief,onthewhole,insummary,byandlarge,ingeneral
表结果、目的和推论:
inorderto(that),so…that,too…to,sothat,soasto,enoughto,andso,becauseofthis,asaconsequenee,consequently,asaresult,forthisreason,hence,therefore,thereby,so,thus
表强调或更差:
asknowntoall,asweallknow,itisgenerally\publiclyknownthat…,notonly…but(also),itis…that,aboveall,especially,inparticular,indeed,mostimportantly,themostimportantis…,surely,equallyimportantis…,moreimportantly,morecentrally,worse,makingmattersworse,tomakeitworse,moreworryingly
表举例:
forexample,forinstanee,take…asanexample,onesuchexampleis…,take…asaninstanee,suchas,like…,asNewtonputit,asaproverbsays,asasayinggoes,justas\like,namely,toillustrate;acaseinpointgoesto…
表表原因或方式:
because(of),for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,intermsof,inlight
of(=accordingto)inthewaythat…,bymeansof,via,through,by,with(out),accordingto,leadto,giveriseto,contributeto,attributeatob,conformto,abideby,concerning,asregards,withregardto,inthisregard,thereasonwhy,inotherwords,owingto,asconcerning\s,consideringthat,thanksto,Ameans\causes\incurs'entails'precedesB
如何写议论文开头段落
背景发展+当下状况+全文主题句(前二者可以缺少一个)
【骑墙派写法,万不得已才用】
Shoppingispartofeverydaylife.Somegetthenecessitiesfromshopping,othersgetsomethingmore.Itisviewedasawaytoreleasethestress,awaytocompletesomedesireinthemind,orawaytoaddsomeflavortothemechanicalwayoflife.Ingeneral,therearetwotypesofshopping:
traditionalshoppingandon-lineshopping.Bothofthemhavesomemeritsandshortagesrespectively.
【2】Itisuniversallytruethatallparentsintheworldlovetheirchildren.However,asparents'viewsoflifevarytheyshowtheirloveindifferentways.Generallyspeaking,parentscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes—themonarchtype,theservanttype,andthefriendtype—accordingtotheirdifferentwaysofshowingtheirlove.
【3】Itseemsthatmoreandmorepeople,nowadays,areregardingtestscoresastheprimaryyardstickofastudent'sperformanee.Nowonderthattheyouthinschools,inordertoobtainexcellentmarks,dotheirutmosttocheatinawiderangeofexaminations.Thisissue,however,deservesthoroughmeditationinthatitresultsinworsteffectsuponstudents'lear
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