主谓一致.docx
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主谓一致.docx
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主谓一致
主谓一致
主谓一致的概念:
所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间的对应关系,即主语的人称和单复数形式要与谓语动词相呼应。
一、就近原则
either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Eg.Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.
AreeitheryounorIwrong?
Exercise:
1.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.Heaswellaswe_____right.
A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are
2.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?
B.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is
3.There_____apen,twopencils,andthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
21.Nottheteacherbutthestudents_____excited.
A.isB.hasC.areD.have
二、语法一致
1.
(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
Eg.Heandshe__are__bothstudentsofthisschool.
他和她都是这个学校的学生。
(2)如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
Eg.The singer and dancer__is__ going to give us a performance.
那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork __is__on the table.
刀叉在桌子上。
Exercise:
1.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
2.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_____motorcyclesinhissparetime.
A.raceB.racesC.isracedD.isracing
2.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数<随主语的变化>而变化。
Eg.The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.
老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
Exercise:
1.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.
A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying
2.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
3.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_____burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
3.定语从句的<关系代词who, which, that>在从句中作主语时,要与<先行词>的人称和数保持一致。
Eg.Those who enjoy singing may join us.
Tom, who is your friend, should help you.
Exercise:
Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.
A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascome
C.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome
4. 如果主语是<不定式,动词-ing形式或主语从句>的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
Eg.When he is coming seems very important.
他什么时候要来看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby.
收集邮票是他的爱好。
To love her is not to break her wings.
爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
Exercise:
1.Climbinghills_____ofgreathelptohealth.
A.isB.areC.wereD.Be
2.Tosee_____tobelieve.
A.areB.wereC.isD.be
3.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.
A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have
三、意义一致原则
所谓意义一致是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。
(有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
)
(一)主语是不定代词或复合不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
1.不定代词all, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
Eg.All of the apples __are__rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple __is__rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
None of the money__is__ left. 没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students __is/are__ there.没有学生在那里。
2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词<即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时>,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Eg.Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.
Each man and each woman is asked to attend.
Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.
4 No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。
Exercise:
1.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_____aboutit.
weretalkingB.wastalkingC.talkD.talks
2.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.A.isB.wasC.areD.were
3.复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody, everyone, everything,nobody,no one,nothing。
Eg.Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。
Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。
(二)指代意义决定谓语单复数
1. 集体名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。
主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时,动词则用复数。
这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
Eg.His family __is__agoodsampletofollow. 他们家是一个学习的好榜样。
His family __are__all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
注:
某些集体名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时是例外。
Eg.The police are searching for a thief.
The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
Exercise:
Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.
A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were
2.某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等,谓语动词应用单数。
Eg.Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。
Plasticsisusedwidelynowadays.如今塑料被广泛运用。
3. 单复数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语用单数;反之,谓语用复数形式。
这一类名词有:
means(方法、手段),deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,species(种类),works(工厂) 等。
Eg.Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
(三)与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
1. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,the rest of,half of,part of,majority of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。
Eg.Half of the students __have___finished their composition.
一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple __is__bad. 一半的苹果坏了。
About 60 percent of the students in our school __are__boys.
我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
Eg.Lots of damage was caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。
但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。
Eg.A number of new books are on the desk.
The number of students in you class is 50.
Exercise:
1._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.
Twofifth;isB.Twofifths;areC.Twofifth;areD.Twofifths;is
2.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth;therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are
3.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.
are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has
4.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.
A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is
5.What_____thepopulationofChina?
One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.
is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is
2.如果主语有more than one(很多,非常)或many a(许多)构成,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。
尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词多用单数形式。
Eg.More than one student has read the book.
Many a girl has been there.
Many a boy has seen it.
但是,“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。
Eg.More members than one are against your plan.
Exercise:
Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.
A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are
(四)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:
glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(类似akindof等词的还有aportionof,apileof,apanel等,其引起主语时,谓语动词一般用单数)
Eg.The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。
The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。
Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴。
(五)书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Eg.Thirty years is not a long time.
Roots is a famous American novel.
Exercise:
1.Twohundredandfiftypounds_____toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.
A.isB.areC.wereD.Be
2.AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes_____allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.A.areB.wasC.isD.were
[注意事项]
1.this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数;短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人),但this kind of men 的谓语用单数,men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。
Eg.This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Eg.Between the two windows hangs a picture.
3.a great deal of, a large amount of,a (large) quantity of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of,quantities of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
Eg.A large quantity of people is needed here.
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
答案及部分解析:
1-5CBABC6-10BBACB11-15ADAAB
16-20DBBDA21-25CBCBD
1.“分数或百分数+ofthe+名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词或代词的单、复数形式。
2.“thenumberof+名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。
“anumberof+名词”作主语,谓语动词常用复数形式。
3.“分数或百分数+ofthepopulation”作主语,谓语动词常用复数形式。
4.or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等(关联)连词连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近原则”处理。
注意:
即使在疑问句中,动词的数也应与最近的主语保持一致。
aswellas连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与前一主语保持一致。
5.what引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
但当作表语的名词为复数,或what从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词常用复数形式如:
WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.
6.在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中谓语动词常用复数;在the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中谓语动词常用单数。
8.manya+单数名词,morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语常用单数形式。
9.通常情况下,由and或both,and连接两个单数形式的名词(词组)作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
当并列主语在意义上指同一人、一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。
10.第一句的herfamily应理解为“她的家庭”;第二句中的herfamily应理解为“她一家人”。
12.当主语后有togetherwith,but,ratherthan,including等引导的词组时,谓语动词的数由主语的数来决定。
13.表示度量、时间等的复数名词作主语时,往往把其看作一个整体,谓语动词采用单数形式。
16.第一空前each作同位语,不影响谓语动词的数;第二空each为主语部分的中心词,谓语动词应用单数形式。
18.Therebe句型中,谓语动词的数按“就近原则”处理。
20.非谓语动词短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
21.
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