FTD patients were impaired by lexicalsemantic syntactic and more especially by pragmatic problems.docx
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FTD patients were impaired by lexicalsemantic syntactic and more especially by pragmatic problems.docx
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FTDpatientswereimpairedbylexicalsemanticsyntacticandmoreespeciallybypragmaticproblems
138
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Comparisonofmethodsforintegratingbiologicalandphysicaldataformarinehabitatmappingandclassification OriginalResearchArticle
ContinentalShelfResearch,Volume30,Issue16,30September2010,Pages1717-1729
E.J.Shumchenia,J.W.King
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Abstract
Animportantfirststepinmarinespatialplanningandecosystem-basedmanagementeffortsisthecreationofbenthichabitatmapsthatallowscientistsandmanagerstounderstandthedistributionoflivingandnon-livingresourcesontheseafloor.However,thelocationofboundariesbetweenandcompositionofhabitatsishighlydependentontheapproachtakentointegrateabioticandbioticinformation.Thepurposeofthisstudywastotest“top-down”and“bottom-up”approachesforintegratingphysicalandbiologicaldataderivedfromcommonlyusedsub-tidalbenthicmappingtoolstocreateahabitatmapcompatiblewiththeUSCoastalandMarineEcologicalClassificationStandard(CMECS).Wefoundthatatop-downframework,wherewetestedfordifferencesinmacrofaunaassemblagesamongsidescansonarfacies,definedtwobroad-scaleandgeneralhabitats.Usingthebottom-upapproach,wherepatternsinabioticandbioticvariableswereexaminedwithmultivariatestatistics(BEST,LINKTREE,ANOSIM,SIMPER),wegeneratedsevenbiotopesbasedonthemacrofaunaabundance,percentsand,waterdepth,andbackscatterstandarddeviationthatcorrespondedwellto,butprovidedmorefine-scaledetailthanthetop-downhabitats.WewereabletousethestatisticalrelationshipbetweenabioticvariablesandmacrofaunaassemblagesintheLINKTREEtopredictthespatialdistributionofassemblagesover
50%ofthestudyarea.WecreatedalocalcatalogueofbiotopesspecifictoourstudyareathatcontributestotheCMECSlibrary.Inaddition,wewereabletofullymapCMECSGeoform,SurfaceGeology,andBioticCoverComponents.Thismappingeffortrepresentedrealprogresstowardreconcilingthe“datadensitymismatch”betweenphysicalandbiologicalmappingmethods,anditprovidedfurtherevidencethatusingabottom-upmethodologypreservesspecies–environmentrelationships.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
2.Methods
2.1.Acousticdata
2.2.Bathymetry
2.3.Bottomsamples
2.3.1.Sedimentproperties
2.3.2.Macrofaunaassemblages
2.4.Integrationofacousticdatawithsedimentandmacrofaunadata
2.4.1.Top-downapproach:
dotheacousticfaciesdescribedistinctmacrofaunaassemblages?
2.4.2.Bottom-upapproach:
whichacousticandabioticvariablesarerelatedtopatternsinmacrofaunaassemblages?
2.5.Mappingandclassification
3.Results
3.1.Acousticdata
3.2.Macrofaunaassemblages
3.3.Dataintegration
3.3.1.Top-down
3.3.2.Bottom-up
3.4.Mapping
3.5.Classification
3.5.1.Surfacegeologycomponent,bioticcovercomponent(SGC,BCC)
3.5.2.Geoformcomponent(GFC)
4.Discussion
4.1.Acousticdata
4.2.Integrationapproaches
4.3.Biotic–abioticrelationshipsandbiologicalassemblageprediction
4.4.Habitatclassification
5.Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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144
InternationalcollaborationbetweenUSandThailandonaclinicaltrialoftreatmentforHIV-associatedcryptococcalmeningitis OriginalResearchArticle
ContemporaryClinicalTrials,Volume31,Issue1,January2010,Pages34-43
L.O.Zimmer,T.L.Nolen,S.Pramanpol,D.Wallace,M.E.Walker,P.Pappas,P.Chetchotisakd
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Abstract
Background
Internationalclinicaltrialscanprovidescientificandlogisticbenefitsinspiteofthemanychallenges.Determiningwhetheracountry,especiallyadevelopingcountry,isanappropriatelocationfortheresearchshouldincludein-countryconsultationandpartneringtoassessitssocialvalueforthepopulation;thattreatmentsarerelevantforthepopulationunderstudy;andthattheresearchinfrastructureandethicaloversightareadequate.Collaborationincreasesthelikelihoodofstudysuccessandhelpsensurethatbenefitsaccruetorecruitedpopulationsandtheircommunity.
Purpose
Thispaperdescribesourexperiencesonabi-nationalstudyandmayprovideguidanceforthoseplanningtoengageinfuturecollaborations.
Methods
AThaiandUnitedStatesteamcollaboratedtodevelopandimplementaphaseIIclinicaltrialforHIV-associatedcryptococcalmeningitistoassesssafetyandtolerabilityofcombinationtherapyvs.standardtreatment.Clinicalandculturaldifferences,regulatoryhurdlesandoperationalissueswereaddressedbeforeandduringthestudytoensureasuccessfulcollaborationbetweenthe2groups.
Results
Theinternationalmulticenterstudyallowedformorerapidenrollment,reducedcoststocompletethestudy,sharingofthebenefitsofresearch,greatergeneralizabilityofresultsandcapacitybuildinginThailand;qualitymetricsinThailandwereequivalenttoorbetterthanthoseintheU.S.
Conclusions
Conductingsuccessfulclinicaltrialsinternationallyrequiresearlyandongoingcollaborationtoensurethestudymeetssites'requirementsandexpectations,conformstovaryingnationalregulations,adherestodataqualitystandardsandisresponsivetothehealthneedsofstudiedpopulations.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
1.1.Diseaseandtrialbackground
2.Methods
2.1.Selectionofoverseaspopulation
2.2.Developmentofstudyinfrastructureanddesignandimplementation
2.2.1.Protocoldevelopment
2.2.2.Siteassessment,trainingandprotocolrefinement
2.2.3.Studymaterialsandprocesses
2.2.4.Shippingofdrugandsupplies
2.3.Ethicaloversight
2.4.Ongoingoversightofsiteperformance
3.Qualityofstudyresults
3.1.Measuresofstudyimplementationandsubjectdispositionandcompliance
3.2.Datasubmission
3.3.Dataquality
4.Discussion
4.1.Benefits
4.2.Challenges
5.Conclusions
Conflictofintereststatement
Acknowledgements
References
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DavidJ.Bridgett,LindaC.Mayes
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AnisoaraPop
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AbstractAbstract|ReferencesReferences
Abstract
AlthoughXXIstcenturyeducationhasbecomeincreasinglypermeabletotechnologyhelpingstudentstoacquireskillsneededtoexistinahighlytechnologicalknowledge-basedsociety,foreignlanguageinstructionisstillresistanttoemploymento
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