级国贸闽涉笔译练习英语翻译.docx
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级国贸闽涉笔译练习英语翻译.docx
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级国贸闽涉笔译练习英语翻译
2004级国贸闽涉笔译练习
英汉翻译技巧练习I
PartIAnOverallIntroductionofTranslationSkills
I英汉两种语言对比
1.所属语系与发展历史
英语-印欧语系 汉语-汉藏语系
2.语音
3.语言的本质
英语-综合性语言 汉语-分析性语言
4.句法现象
II英汉两种文化差异(P149)
1.同一民族中亦存在文化差异:
蛤蟆naughty叩手点心
2.英汉文化间的差异
a.思想观念、心理特征
龙—dragon鹤—crane
b.表达方式、审美情趣
“愤怒出诗人”—“止怒莫若诗”
“十里蛙声不断,九溪曲流潺潺”—“Youcanhearfrog’scontinuouscryingintenmilesandcanenjoythebabblingofthewindingstreams.”
3.对文化词语和表达的处理
文化词语,指的是充满汉语文化个性和特殊内涵的语言。
a.直译法
丢脸—toloseface/tobedisgraced
纸老虎—papertiger/scarecrow
骑虎难下—torideatiger/inchancery
猫哭老鼠—catscryingforthedeathofrats/toshedcrocodiletears
b.直译加补充信息法
下海铁饭碗跳槽父母官待业青年酒囊饭袋清明节
c.释义法
望子成龙和番金三角
两手抓,两手都要硬
d.同(近)义表达借用法
得寸进尺—Givehimaninch,andhe’lltakeanell.
好聚好散—Merrymeet,merrypart.
贪多嚼不烂—tobiteoffmorethanonecanchew
皇天不负有心人—Heavenhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
水中捞月—tofishintheair
象只落汤鸡—likeadrownedrat
e.回译法
忍者神龟—NinjaTurtles
画王电视—bigscreenPanasonic
米字旗—UnionJackflag
中国菜馆—chopsueyhouse
III常见错误及解决方法
1.不要生搬硬套汉语构词模式
车、毛、鱼、核、皮、桌
2.Falsefriends(假朋友)
休息室—restroom
药店—drugstore
白手—white-handed
食言—eatone’swords
茶叶店—tea-shop
蛇皮袋—snakeskinbag
3.隐含意义的分析
倔强:
intractable,mulishstatesman,politician
他们热情照顾残疾客人。
Theytookgoodcareofdisabledguests.
我这位朋友很健谈。
Myfriendisverytalkative.
VI解释性翻译
镶补,减肥,重组
EvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssays—《天演论》
Honeymoon—蜜月者,西人娶妇时,即挟其游历,经月而返。
《黑奴吁天录》UncleTom’sCabin
Cashmere—御长裙,仙仙然描画不能肖。
《茶花女》
V参考字典
1.《英汉大词典》陆谷孙主编上海译文出版社
2.《汉英大辞典》吴光华主编上海交通大学出版社
PartIITranslationPractice
一、准确理解词义:
I根据上下文辩明词义:
Work:
1.Heisworkinginthefactory.
2.Heisworkingamachine.
3.HeisworkingatEnglish.
4.Theshipisworkingeastward.
5.Thegearsworksmoothly.
6.Mywatchdoesn’twork.
7.Thescrewworkedloose.
8.Willthesemethodswork?
9.Theyeasthasbeguntowork.
10.Electriccomputersworkquicklyandaccurately.
Hand:
1.Soamsshookherhandandwentdownstairs.
2.Heneverreadabookinhislifeandstillwritesaschoolboyhand.
3.Itwouldbeliketryingtomakethehandsofclockmovebackwardstoitsticking.
4.Mr.Huntersuddenlyfailed,andallhandsinthemillwereturnedoff.
Like:
1.Helikesmathsmorethanphysics.
2.Inthesunbeampassingthroughthewindowtherearefinegrainsofdustshininglikegold.
3.Likeknowslike.
4.Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.
Last:
1.Heisthelastmantocome.
2.Heisthelastmantodoit.
3.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.
4.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.
5.Heisthelastmantoconsult.
6.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.
Operate:
1.Thehearingaidsareoperatedfrombatteries.
2.Thedoctoroperatedonthepatientforatumor.
3.Thefrontierforceshadtooperateagainsttheinvaders.
1.Witholdplaster-casting,thebonetakeslongertoknitandcripplingeffectsfrommuscleinactivityresult.
2.Thecustomhaditsspringinanothercountry.
3.Hismotherdiedofdifficultlabour.
4.TheAmericanshadviewedforeignpolicyasifitwereawesternmovieinwhichthecavalryappearedattheclimactericmomenttousesuperiorfirepoweronopponentswhowereusuallyofantherrace.
5.Theelevatorgirlreadsbooksbetweenpassengers.
6.Don’tdoyourownthing,oryouwillmeetwithfailure.
II.词义的褒贬:
☉词义有轻重的不同:
打破:
break,crack,crush,demolish,destroy,shatter,smash
闪光:
shine,glitter,glare,sparkle
☉词义有范围大小与侧重点不同:
agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy
country,nation,land,state,power
empty(house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words,etc.)
vacant(position,room,house,seat,etc.)
hollow(tree,voice,sound,cheeks,etc.)
☉词义有感情色彩与语体色彩
“死”
toexpire,topassaway,toclose(end)one’sday,tobreatheone’slast
togowest,topaythedebtofnaturetodeparttotheworldofshadows
togiveuptheghost,tokickthebucket,tokickupone’sheels
tolaydownone’sknifeandfork
“怀孕”
1.Sheishavingababy.
2.Sheisinafamilyway.
3.Sheisknittinglittlebooties.
4.Sheisinadelicatecondition.
5.Sheisinaninterestingcondition.
☉词义的两面性:
1.Theenemy’sschemewentbankrupt.
We’veworkedoutaperfectscheme.
2.Heisanaggressiveandpromisingyoungman.
Japanisanaggressivecountry.
3.Hanswastooobviouslyflatteringthegentlemenbysayinghewasthemostcourageousmanhehadeverseen.
Mr.Brownfeltgreatlyflatteredwhenhereceivedtheinvitationtodeliveralecture.
III词语搭配:
Kill:
1.Hekilledtheman.
2.Hekilledthedog.
3.Hekilledtimeeverydaydownatthepark.
4.Hekilledhischancesofsuccess.
5.Hekilledthemotionwhenitcamefromthecommittee.
6.Hekilledhimselfbyoverwork.
7.Hekilledthespiritofthegroup.
8.Hekilledthreebottlesofwhiskyinaweek.
Killthepeace(promise,friendship,amarriage)
Heavy:
Raincloudscropsfrostwinenewsroadseaheartfiresmokerbreadwireloadstormtrafficreader
Broken:
Abrokenman(soldier,promise,spirit)
brokenmoney(English)
IV.词义的引申:
☉词义作抽象引申:
1.Thereisamixtureofthetigerandapeinhisnature.
2.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.
3.Shesailedintotheroom,
4.Wemustkeepourpowderdry.
5.Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.
☉词义作具体引申:
1.Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?
2.Thebattlefieldbecamesomethingholy.Itwasnottouched.
3.TheGreatWallisamustformostforeignvisitorstoBeijing.
4.WeZanziberwouldliketobuildacolouredsocietywhereallmencanhaveequalopportunity.
5.Whataidsthereweretoenlightenlaborwereimmemorial.
二、词类转译:
I转译成动词:
1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.
2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.
3.Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.
4.Theyworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.
5.“Coming!
”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.
6.Whatisheat?
7.JohnvotedwiththeTories.
8.Heisamanabovevulgarinterests.
9.Peterdrewhisknifeontherobber.
10.Itlooksasifweareinforastorm.
11.Ifamancouldn’twalkintoaroomandtellwhowasforhimandwhowasagainsthim,thenhewasn’tmuchofapolitician.
12.Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.
13.Heprovedhimselfworthyofconfidence.
14.Heisnotveryfamiliarwithbiologicalterms.
15.Areyoudoubtfulofhissuccess?
16.Someinfectiousdiseasesareresponsiblefordiseasesoftheheartvalves.
II转译成名词:
1.Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.
2.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.
3.Thosewhohuddledpitifullytogetherontheleftweretheold,theinfirm,theillandtheveryyoung.
4.Stevensonwaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.
5.TheWildefamilywerereligious.
6.Theywereconsideredinsincere.
III转译成形容词:
1.It’sthetruth.
2.Suchnewswasnojokes.
3.Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthispolicy.
4.Gasesdifferfromsolidinthattheformerhasgreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.
5.Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.
6.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.
7.Thesunrosethinlyfromthesea.
IV其他转译:
1.Hethenactedasareluctantinterpreter.
2.Hehadthekindnesstoshowmetheway.
3.Thisisasheernonsense.
4.Buckleywasinaclearminority.
5.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.
6.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.
三、增词:
persuasionpreparationbackwardnesstensionarrogancemadnessantagonism
1.Thecrowdsmeltedaway.
2.Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.
3.Hesankdownwithhisfaceinhishands.
4.Marywashedforalivingafterherhusbanddiedofacutepneumonia.
5.Towashbeforemeal.Towashaftergettingup.Towashbeforegoingtobed.
6.Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.
7.Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.
8.Heisacomplicatedman—moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.
9.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.
10.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.
11.Thelionisthekingofanimals.
12.Alltherulesofthemilitarydisciplinemustbestrictlyobserved.
13.Oncetheyhadaquarrel.
14.Herbgaveheraslylook.
四、重复:
greatcontributionsgratitudeingratitudeprosperityeternalglorytovividhesitatearrogancegrotesquecarelessinchaosstreetgossiprumours
1.Chinaisthecradleofancientandmoderncultures.
2.Woodcannotconductelectricity,norcanglass.
3.Youcandotranslationworkverywell,ifyoucareto.
4.Grammardealswiththestructureoflanguage,EnglishgrammarwiththestructureofEnglish.
5.Weshallneedtoapplyourscientificandtechnologicalresourcestoliterallyeveryaspectofoursociety,toourcommerce,ourindustry,ourmedicine,ourtransportation.
五、正反译法:
1.Heknewhewasmortallyill.
2.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.
3.Suchachancewasdeniedme.
4.Wecansafelysayso.
5.Hisrefusalisnotfinal.
6.Thisfailureisthemakingofhim.
7.Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust.
8.Hewas75,buthecarriedhisyearslightly.
9.Myguessisasgoodasyours.
10.Thedecisionistocome.
11.Don’tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.
12.Thesignificanceoftheseincidentswasn’tlostonus.
13.HesawatoncethatPhilwasnotallright.
14.TheconclusionwereachedinBritainisthatchangesimplycannotsensiblybeputoff.
15.Letbygonesbebygones.
16.Hastemakeswaste.
17.Becareful!
Mindmyrightarm!
18.Shetoldme,asIdeparted,thatshe’dhate
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