精选浙教版初中科学七年级上册第3节 物质的密度课后练习二十六.docx
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精选浙教版初中科学七年级上册第3节 物质的密度课后练习二十六.docx
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精选浙教版初中科学七年级上册第3节物质的密度课后练习二十六
精选2019-2020年浙教版初中科学七年级上册第3节物质的密度课后练习二十六
第1题【单选题】
有质量相等的两个球,它们的体积比是V1:
V2=1:
5,材料的密度之比ρ1:
ρ2=4:
1,其中有一个是空心的,已知其实心球的体积是V,则空心球的空心部分体积是是()
A、1/3V
B、1/4V
C、V
D、1/5V
【答案】:
【解析】:
第2题【单选题】
水在结冰时体积会膨胀,产生巨大的作用力.据报道,美国有一家工厂要制造一种特殊用途的钢铝罐,即钢罐内表面要压接一层0.25mm厚的铝片.焊接专家、锻压专家都束手无策.后来,“圣迪亚”实验室的科学家解决了这一问题,他们先把薄薄的铝片装到罐内,与钢罐的内表面紧贴,再往罐内装满水,水中插入冷冻管,使水结冰,冷冻后铝膜就与钢罐表面接牢了,使铝膜与钢罐接牢的原因是()
A、铝膜和钢罐之间的水把它们冻牢了
B、水结冰时放热使它们焊牢了
C、水结冰时膨胀产生巨大的压力;使它们压牢了
D、水是一种粘合剂,把铝膜和钢罐粘在一起
【答案】:
【解析】:
第3题【单选题】
下列实验操作所导致的结果与操作不吻合的是()
有误
A、甲:
测得酸性溶液的pH偏大
B、乙:
测得金属块的密度偏大
C、丙:
测得电阻的阻值误差较大
D、丁:
测得空气中氧气的体积分数偏大
【答案】:
【解析】:
第4题【单选题】
小翔在学习密度时写出了一些交流材料,其中不正确的是()
A、不同物质在相同状态下,密度大小一般是不相等的
B、把某容器中的物质用去一部分后,剩余物质密度的大小不会改变
C、同种物质组成的实心物体在相同状态时,质量与其体积成正比
D、质量相等的实心物体,体积较大的组成物质的密度较小
【答案】:
【解析】:
第5题【填空题】
最近,科学家们研制出了一种超轻材枓“碳海绵”一一世界上最轻的一类物质,把一块“碳海绵”放在狗尾巴草上,狗尾巴草的茸毛几乎没变形.“碳海绵”比同体积的普通海绵轻得多.说明“碳海绵”这种材料的______较小,将“碳海绵”压缩80%后仍可恢复原状,这说明“碳海绵”发生的是______形变(选填“弹性”或“塑性”).
有误
A、密度
B、弹性
【答案】:
【解析】:
第6题【填空题】
【答案】:
【解析】:
第7题【填空题】
小明清洗甜瓜时发现它漂浮在水面,此时甜瓜受到的浮力的大小______(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)重力,小明想知道甜瓜的密度,于是将甜瓜放入盛满水的溢水杯中,静止时溢出水410mL,再使甜瓜向下浸没在水中,又溢出水25mL,此时甜瓜受到的浮力比漂浮时增大了______N(g取10N/kg),甜瓜的密度为______g/cm^3。
【答案】:
【解析】:
第8题【填空题】
装在烧杯中的水被倒出一部分后,烧杯中剩余水的密度______密封在容器中一定质量的气体被抽出一部分后,容器中剩余气体的密度______.装满水的玻璃瓶中的水结冰后会使玻璃瓶破裂,由水变成冰的过程中密度______(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).
A、不变
B、变小
C、变小
【答案】:
【解析】:
第9题【计算题】
根据上表可得出的初步结论是:
______。
50毫升溶质质量分数为36%的浓盐酸中含有溶质为______克。
小明用50毫升溶质质量分数为36%的浓盐酸可配制10%的稀盐酸多少毫升?
(写出计算过程,计算结果保留2位小数)
【答案】:
【解析】:
第10题【解答题】
“彩虹无人机”是我国研发的高性能无人飞机,飞机使用了大量复合材料和高科技系统,具有重量轻、隐身性强、续航长、侦察攻击一体化等特点.无人机飞行时,由地面人员操控.
复合材料的使用使飞机自重降低、载荷量上升,这说明复合材料具有______的特性;一架无人机质量650kg,载荷150kg,则这架飞机匀速巡航时获得空气的升力为______N.(取g=10N/kg)
地面人员是利用______(选填“超声波”或“电磁波”)操控无人机的;飞机对雷达具有隐身性,说明飞机的涂层材料能______(选填“吸收”或“反射”)雷达信号.
【答案】:
【解析】:
第11题【解答题】
如图所示,一个圆柱形容器中装有一定量的水,一个质量为780g的石块挂在弹簧测力计上并浸没水中,石块静止时弹簧测力计的示数为4.2N,容器的底面积为180cm^2,g=10N/kg.求:
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石块在水中受到的浮力.
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石块的密度.(得数保留1位小数)
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