北师语言学真题回忆版.docx
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北师语言学真题回忆版.docx
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北师语言学真题回忆版
2009年以前考试
04年语言学试卷
1.Definethefollowingterms:
20points1) langue2) parole3) allophone4) semanticfield5) cohesion2.TrytoidentifythepossibleparadigmaticrelationbetweenanyitemsinthefollowingpoembyLuXun10points岂有豪情似旧时?
花开花落两由之。
何期泪洒江南雨,又为斯民哭健儿!
3.Givesomelexicalitemstoillustratesocialdialects.Trytoexplaintheirconnotations.20points4.WhatcanthisrulemeaninEnglishgrammar?
10points{D}---[-id]/[t]---5.Definethefollowingsoundsintermsofarticulatoryfeatures10points6.TrytotellsomeofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesenominalconstructions.Supplysomeexamples.10points7.Wecanusethepattern“itis……”toemphasizeanypartofasentenceexceptthepredicate.Whatcanwedoifwemustemphasizeit?
Pleasegiveexamplestohighlightyouremphasisofanypartofthissentence:
15pointsIboughtabookinthecityyesterday.8.Trytodiscussasmanyaspossiblethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.15points9.Observethefollowingsentences:
老王找到老张,才找到他的儿子。
老王找到老张,才找到他自己的儿子。
老王找到老张,才找到自己的儿子。
老王找到老张,才找到儿子。
Whichsentenceisclearinitsmeaning?
Whichoneisunclear?
Trytoexplainwhy.PointoutsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguage.10points10.Discussthefollowing2sentences,andtellwhywecanassigndifferentvaluestotheyearoffifteen:
10pointsSheisalreadyfifteen,andyetsheiscryingoversuchasmallthing.Shehasdoneitverywell;
Sheisonlyfifteen,youknow.11.Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?
(10points)12.DeterminerPhrase(DP)isthenamenewlygiventotheNPingenerativegrammar.ADPcanbeaformlike 1)abook;2)thebook;3)books;4)thebook. ThisnamemaybebetterthantheoldnameofNPinthatitremindsusofsthwhenwe(Chinesespeakers)learnorteachEnglish.Doyouagreetothis?
Trytotellanythingsignificanthere.(10points)
09年语言学试题
1.definethefollowingphonemes.2.解释下面的概念。
共6个,任选4个。
sememe;imageschema;endocentricconstruction;cohortmodel;displacementfunctionoflanguage;foregrounding.3.最简单的一题。
题目给出几个关于lexicalchange的例子。
让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。
teleprinter+exchange---------WTO———WorldTradeOrganization---------bird youngbird—anykindofbird--------stump thepartofatreetrunkleftprotrudingfromtheground—tochallenge-------temperature后面是这个词的音标注释,课本上有就是loss.phonologicalchange里面的4.好像是从下面三个题目中选两个来解释一下functionsofinflectionalmorphemeandderivationalmorpheme.therelevancetheory5.和第四题有点混。
都是解释给出的题目,从中选择几道。
还有一个关于blendingtheory的问题,具体是什么不记得了,这部分实在看不懂。
thestrongversionandweakversionofsapir-whorfhypothesis.thesystemic-functionalgrammar6.WhentheEnglishmeet,theysay'it'safineday',whilewechinesesay'haveyoueaten'.distinguishthedifferenceinfluencedbysociolinguisticfactors.andgivesomeothermoreexamplesplease.7.whatislanguagetransfer?
whataretherolesplayedbylanguagetranfer?
8.whatarethecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence.describethreeofthem.usee.g.ifnecesary.9.definethefollowingterms.summaritiveassessmentandformativeassessmentthebottom-upandtop-downmodelsinteachingreading10.howtodevelopprofessionalcompetenceoflanguageteachingforteachers.
10年语言学试卷
1.definethefollowingsound/d/ /j/ /i/ /^/ /shi/
2.definethefollowingitemacronym converseantonym cohesion
3.givethestructureofSYLLABLE
4.Whatistask-basedlanguageteaching?
givetwoexamplesoftasks
5.whatis"form-focused"instruction?
whyistherearenewedcallsforit?
pareandmakeacontrastaboutthefollowingpairs cognitivevariablesvsaffectivevariables cognitivestrategies vsmeta-cognitivestrategies
7.tellaboutthemainideaofChomsky's transformationalgrammar
8.analysethefollowingdialogueandanswerthequestions"whereisjohn?
""hiscarisinfrontofMary'shouse"a.whatistheimplicatureinit?
b.namethefeaturesof communicationimplicature,tellhowcanwecancelltheimplicatureintheabovedialogue
9.whatismulti-intelligence?
telltheimplicationitgivestothepracticalsecondlanguagelearningandteaching
10.somepeoplethinklearner'scompetenceofnativelanguageproficiencydeteminesorinfluencehisorhersecondlanguageloearning.doyouagree?
illustrateyourreasons
11.telltherelationshipbetweenSTEM,AFFIXandROOTwithexamples
12.whataredescriptiveandprescriptivemethodologyoflinguistics
13.whatisgrammarawareness?
howtoimprovetheabilityofit?
11年语言学试卷
1.definethefollowingterms(5*5=25points)
(1)displacementof language
(2)Distinctivefeatureinphonology(3)cognitivemetaphor(4)foregroundtheoryinliterature(5)PhraseStructureGrammerinTG2.Compareandcontrastthefollowingpairsoftermsinthefieldoflanguagelearningandteaching(3*5=15points).
(1)"top-down"processand"bottom-up"process;
(2)"extroversion"and"introversion";(3)"contentvalidity"and"construstvalidity"intesting;3.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly(2*10=20points)
(1)WhatthemainideaofSapir-WhorfHypothesis?
Doyouagreeornot?
(2)Howdoyouunderstandthecohesionandcoherenceofatext?
4.WhatisAcculturationTheory?
Whatimplicationsdoesthistheoryhaveforthepraticeoflanguageteachingandlearning?
(10points)5.Whatarecognitivevariables?
Inwhatwaysdocognitivevariablesfacilitateorconstrainlanguageacquistion?
(10points)6.StatetheCooperativePrincipleandthefourmaximsputforwardbyGrice.whatdidSperberandWilisonaimtodevelopfromGriceintheRelevancetheory(15points)7.ImagineyouhavejustobservedanEnglishlesson.whatcriteriawouldyouliketousetoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthelesson?
Listatleast5itemsandgiveyourreasons(10points)8.IllustratewithexampleswhatFunctionalGrammarinsystemicFunctionalLinguisticis.(15points)9.Somepeopleclaimthatalearner'scompetenceofhisnativelanguageproficiencywilldetermine,orinfluence,hisorhersecondlanguagelearning.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?
Giveyourreasonforargument.(15points)10."Wantingtolearnismoreimportantthanhavingtolearn".Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?
HowdoyouapplyitintheEnglishclass?
(15points)
12年语言学试卷
1.Whatisassimilation
velarization,nasalization,dentalization
2.Sixtypesofnounpluralityandlisttheminphonemicdescription(/z/,/s/,/iz/
3.The6propertiesofsentencesubject,citeexamples
4.Whatisreferentialtheory.Tellaboutitsdrawbacks
5.List5typesofimageschema,citeexamples.Explainwhyitisimportant
6.Waysofspeechandthoughtrepresentation
7.Linguisticcorpus,howitappliesin
(1)Speechresearch
(2)Lexicalresearch(3)semanticsresearch(4)sociologicalresearch(5)psychologicalresearch
8.WhataretheRelationalProcessofthetransitivityoftheSystemic-FunctionalGrammar
9.Explainandcommenton“wheninRomedoastheRomansdo","Putyourselfinothershoes","Oneculture'smeatisanotherculture'spoison"
10.conversationalimplicatureonviolationofGricefourmaximsandciteexamples
pareandcontrast
(1)Extrinsicmotivationandintrinsicmotivation"
(2)Itemfacilityanditemdiscriminationintesting'(3)Quantitativeresearchandqualitativeresearch
12.Whatisportfolioassessment,howtodoaportfolioassessmentandwhatisitsimportance
13.Explaininterlanguagetheoryandwhatwecanlearnfromit.
14.Task-basedapproachinteachingandexplain
(1)taskdesign
(2)teachers'role(3)students'role
15.aboutwaysforcontinuedinvestigationbyteachers
13年语言学试卷
1.Definition(4'*5=20')
Sapir-WhorfHypothesis,foregrounding,t-unit,curriculumdevelopment(orsyllabusdesign),contentvalidity
2.describephonesaccordingtomannerofarticulation(题目已给出具体分类)andplaceofarticulation(已给出具体分类),voiced/voiceless.12个音,共5分
3.functionsofderivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,giveexamples(10')
4.cantheobjectsinthefollowingsentencesbecalledobjectsinrealsense?
(1)Johnhuntedatiger
(2)Johnbuiltahouse(3)Johnclimbedamountain(4)JohnlikesMary(5)Johnsmiledasadsmile(6)Johnplaystennis.
plementaryantonyms和converseantonyms
Alive:
deadhusband:
wifepresenrt:
absentbelove:
aboveBefeore:
afterempolyer:
employeeseller:
buyer
6.whatisconstrualincognitivelinguistics?
howmanytypesofconstrualweusuallyhave?
explainandgiveexamples.(ATTENTION;JUDEJEMANT;PERSPECTIVE)10'
7.areperformativeandconstativeverbsproposedbyAustinfirstfinallyjudgedacceptableandunacceptable?
why
8.similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenBritishFunctionalAnthropologyrepesentedbyMalinowskiandAmerianAnthropologyrepresentedbyBoasandSapir.
monalitiesanddifferencesbetweeninterpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunctionandphaticcommunion
10.whatissamplinginobservationalclass?
giveexamplestoillustrate
11.Halliday'sviewinthelanguagedevelopmentismeaningpotential(大概是这样)whatisyourunderstandingofthisview?
whatistheimplicationsforsecondlanguagelearningandteaching?
12.StephenKrashen'sInputHypothesisandimplicationsforlearninglanguage
13.underlyingtheoriesofCommunicativeApproachtolanguagelearningandmaindimensionsofcommunicativecompetence.
14年语言学试卷
1.Definition
(1)descriptive&prescriptive
(2)presupposition&entailment(3)metonymy&metaphor(4)discrete-pointtest&integrativetest(5)bilingualism&diglossia(6)teachingmethod&teachingmethodology
2.Whatisarbitrariness?
Whatisiconity?
Howtheyarerelated?
Whatdoyouthinkaboutthearbitrarinessandiconity?
3.Explainthewordformationofthefollowingfivewords:
a.Cokeb.brunchc.busd.edite.tofu
4.Whatisassimilationinphonology?
Giveatleastthreecategoriesofassimilation.
5.Thecooperativeprinciplesandmaxims a.Haveyoueverseenjohn?
–no,ifIdenynotseeinghim,Iwouldnottella
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