研究高等教育中女性和男性的差别.docx
- 文档编号:6459301
- 上传时间:2023-01-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:7
- 大小:20.91KB
研究高等教育中女性和男性的差别.docx
《研究高等教育中女性和男性的差别.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《研究高等教育中女性和男性的差别.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
研究高等教育中女性和男性的差别
TheResearchoftheDifferencesBetweenMaleandFemaleStudentsinHigherEducationStudy
刘依婷
卓金12-1
Abstract
Basingonthephenomenonthatfemaleperformbetterthanmaleinhighereducation,thispaperprovidesananalysisonhowtheirdifferentlearninghabitsleadtheirdisparityonstudying.Besides,thestudyhighlightstheunderlyingreasontoexplaintheirdifferentlearninghabits.Andthepapercomestotheconclusionthatitisthebetterlearninghabitsandpositiveattitudethatmakefemaleperformbetterthanmaleinhighereducation.
TableofContents
1.Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2.Literturereview--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
3.ThecurrentsituationofcollegestudentsinChina----------------------------------------------4
4.Thecurrentsituationofmaleandfemalestudentslearninghabits----------------------------5
4.1Thecharacticsoffemalelearninghabits-------------------------------------------------5
4.2Thecharacticsofmalelearninghabits----------------------------------------------------6
5.Theunderlyingreasonforthedifferentlearninghabitsintwogenders----------------------7
6.Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Bibliography-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
TheResearchoftheDifferencesBetweenMaleandFemaleStudentsinHigherEducationStudy
1.Introduction
Thenumberofpeoplegettinghighereducationhasrisen,whichbroughtaboutlotsofincreasinglycomplexissuescontainingtheequalityinhighereducation.AccordingtoareportfromChinaYouthDailyinJuly4th,2012,thenumberofwomenwhoentertheuniversityisboosting.Besides,femalebecomethemainstrengthintheuniversityandplayasignificantroleinthecampusnomatteritisinstudyorstudentunion.
Althoughwomen’sopportunitiestoparticipateinhighereducationhaveaconsiderablyshorterhistorythanmen’s,womennowconstitutemorethanhalfthestudentpopulation,andmorethanhalfthenumberofgraduates.Womenhavemadeconsiderablygreaterinroadsintotraditionallymale-dominatedareasofhighereducationthanmenhaveintraditionallyfemale-dominatedareas.(Jacobsson,G.2008)Itisfemalethatgetbetterscoresintheuniversitiesintherecentyearsandtheygainmorescholarships.ThiskindofphenomenonisnotuncommonandprevailsinChinesecollege.
Asaresult,thisessayfocusonwhygirlsperformbetterthanboysinhighereducation.Themaincausemaybethatgirlshavebetterlearninghabitsthanboys.Comparingwithboys,thegirlsalwaysconcentratemoreonstudyandtheyusuallyliketotakenotes.It’sobviousthatgirlsarewillingtobuyalovelynotebook,whichboysthinkinvain.Andgirlsprefertospendmoretimeafterclasstoreviewwhatthey’velearninclasswhileboysliketograspwhatthey’velearnimmediatelyandarewillingtomakemistakes.
Thisessaywilldescribethemaindifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleintheiruniversitystudyareandthereasonthatfemaleusuallygetbetterscoresthanmale.Besides,thiseassycontainsseveralcasestudiestoshowhowgirlisoutperformboysincurrenthighereducation.Theexplanationwillconveysomeinformationtolearnitdeeperanderaseourconfusionaboutthisphenomenon.
2.Literaturereview
Amongalltheessays,theyfocousondifferentaspects.Thefirstkindshowedthatgenderdisparityineducationisanoldphenomenonanditiswomen’sownlimitationthatmakeeducationhasbeenunequalforthem.Thesecondkindsaidthatwomenperformbetterthanmeninhighereducationandusuallymeethigherrequirementsthanmen.Thethirdkindpointedoutthatinstitutionaltypeisunrelatedtogenderdifferencesinengagement.Thefourthkindfocousongenderpatternsinhigereducation.Thelastkindstressedthedifferencesinchoosingofmajorbetweenwomenandmen.
In“Womenandgenderstereotypinginhighereducation:
AcasestudyofVidyasagarUniversitypost-graduates.InternationalJournalofResearchStudiesinEducation”,DandapatstatedthatGenderdisparityineducationisanoldphenomenon.Continualexposuretostronglydifferentiatedgenderrolesislikelytoshapestudent’sbeliefsabouthowwellmalesandfemalesperformacrossavarietyofdomains.Genderrolesaredefinedbybehaviors,butgenderstereotypesarebeliefsandattitudesaboutmasculinityandfemininity(Brannon,2004).Hesaidthateducationhasbeenunequalaccessibleforwomenfordecadesandalsoconfinedintraditionalfields.TheresearchofDandapatshowedthatthereisclearlyalackofadequateandsensitiveeducationaleffortstomobilizewomen,involvingthemintheeducationalprocessandhelpthemreflectcriticallyontheirlives.Theothersideoftheproblemliesinwomen'sowninabilityandlackofwill,self-confidence,self-awarenessandassertivenesstodemandeducation.
DifferentfromthephenomenonofDandapat’sstudy,Jacobssonshowsanotheronethatwomenperformbetterthanmeninuppersecondaryschools,andmeetthebasicentryrequirementsforuniversityandhighereducationstudiestoagreaterextentthanmen.
Inthebook“Womenandmeninhighereducation”,Jacobssonfocusedondevelopmentsinthelast10years,andgaveacurrentandcomprehensivepictureofthepathsfollowedbywomenandmenthroughtheeducationsystem,careerpathsintheacademiccommunityandelsewhere,andhealsomadeinternationalcomparisons.HefoundoutthatgirlscontinuetooutperforminuppersecondaryschoolstoagreaterextentinmostOECDcountriesand“partnereconomies”.107Theproportionofgirlswhocompleteuppersecondaryeducationis87percentintheentireOECD,comparedwith78percentofboysinatypicalagegroup.
Thereisanotheressaythatcomparedtheengagementpatternsofmaleandfemaleundergraduatesatabroadarrayofbaccalaureate-grantinginstitutions.
In“TheRelationshipbetweenGenderandStudentEngagementinCollege”,Kinzieetc.pointedoutthatinstitutionaltypeisunrelatedtogenderdifferencesinengagement.Theresultspointtoareaswhereinstitutionscouldfocuseffortstoenhancethequalityoftheundergraduateexperienceforallstudents.Comparedwiththeirfemalecounterparts,maleundergraduatesengagelessfrequentlyinacademicallychallengingactivities;inaddition,seniormenparticipatelessofteninactiveandcollaborativelearningactivities,adisappointingreversalfromtheirperformanceinthefirstcollegeyear.Sincelittleofthegendergapcanbeexplainedbyinstitutionaltypeandotherinstitutionalcharacteristics,moreinformationincludingenteringstudents’expectationsandpreparationisnecessarytobetterunderstandtheproximalcausesofgenderdifferencesandtoidentifythosemalestudentswhoareunder-engagedincollege.
Thesimilarityofthethreematerialisthatalltheauthorsstudiedthedifferencesbetweengirlsandboysinhighereducationandfoundthereasonintheirresearch.Besides,theyfocusedonsociety,institutionsandotherorganizationsandrealisticstatisticstofindouttheproperanswer,whichcontributesitsreliability.
Meanwhile,thereisanotheressaystudiedongenderedpatternsinhighereducation.
In“Whydomenandwomenchoosedifferentfieldsofeducationattheuniversitylevel”,Boschinimentionedthatnotonlymoststudentsarefemales,butwomenalsoobtainthemajorityofbachelor’sdegrees.Differentfromthosethreearticlesshowedabove,Boschiniconcernedthatthegendersegregationbetweeneducationalfieldswouldgraduallydisappear.Menwereexpectedtostartstudyingeducationtoalargerextent,whilewomenwereexpectedtostartreadingengineeringandphysicalsciences.Whiletherehasbeenaconvergenceinthechoiceofmajor,aremarkabledegreeofgendersegregationstillremains.
What’smore,in“TheRiseofWomen”,AllieGrasgreenalsopointoutthefactsofwomenbeingmorelikelythanmentogotocollege,performbetteracademically,andmajorinfieldsotherthanscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicsaremostlyattributabletofactorsaffectingstudentsbefore–insomecases,longbefore–theyenterthehallsofacademe.Themainideaaboutthebiggestproblemforgenderinequalityamongthecollege-educatedremainsthelackofgenderintegrationacrossfieldsofstudy.
Amongalltheessaysthathavebeenmentioned,theyallfocusedonthedifferencebetweenfemaleandmaleinhighereducation.However,fromanewaspect,in“TheETSGenderStudy:
HowFemalesandMalesPerforminEducationalSettings”,Coleprobedthatgenderdifferencesarenotquiteasexpected.Fornationallyrepresentativesamplesof12thgraders,thegenderdifferencesarequitesmallformostsubjects,smalltomediumforafewsubjects,andquitesymmetricalforfemalesandmales.Thereisnotadominantpictureofonegenderexcellingacademically,andinfact,theaverageperformancedifferenceacrossallsubjectsisessentiallyzero.However,shestillfoundoutthattheresultisfurthercomplicatedwhensomegenderdifferenceexistsintherepresentativegroup.
Thisessayisdifferentfromotheressaysbecauseitfoundanewaspecttoexplainthisphenomenonthatwomenperformbetterthanmeninhighereducation.Thisarticlenotonlyfocousongenderequality,butalsoshowhowdifferentlearninghabitsaffectperformancebetweenfemalesandmales.
3.ThecurrentsituationofcollegestudentsinChina
China’seducationenteredintoanewphase:
fromacountrywithhugehumanresourcestoacountryrichinhumanresources.
In2009,thereare
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 研究 高等教育 女性 男性 差别