六级真题及答案A卷快阅已看.docx
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六级真题及答案A卷快阅已看.docx
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六级真题及答案A卷快阅已看
2008年12月六级真题及答案(A卷)
PartIwriting(30minutes)
Howtoimprovestudent'smentalhealth
1、大学生的心理健康十分重要
2、因此,学校可以......
3、我们自己应当......
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上
PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)
Supersizesurprise
Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit/yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.
Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.
1.Notenoughsleep
Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?
Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.
It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:
sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.
Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.
2.Climatecontrol
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代新的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.
Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.
Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?
Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder…
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:
Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.
IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.
6.maturemums
Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.
Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.
MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagrathershareofthepopulation.In1964,britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.
7.Likemarryinglike
Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.
1.A)effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth
B)thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesity
C)Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic
D)possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic
2.A)gainedtheleastweight
B)wereinclinedtoeatless
C)foundtheirvigorenhanced
D)werelesssusceptibletoillness
3.A)itmakesussleepy
B)itcausessleeploss
C)itincreasesourappetite
D)itresultsfromlackofsleep
4.A)itmakesusstayindoorsmore
B)itacceleratesourmetabolicrate
C)itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic
D)itcontributestoourweightgain
5.A)itthreatenstheirhealth
B)itheightenstheirspirits
C)itsuppressestheirappetite
D)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism
6.A)heavysmokers
B)passivesmokers
C)thosewhoneversmoke
D)thosewhoquitsmoking
7.A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople
B)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation
C)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods
D)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople
8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremainsnotentirelyclear
9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysize
10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartygenetiz
PartIII ListeningComprehension
SectionA
11.A)Heisquiteeasytorecognize
B)heisanoutstandingspeaker
C)helookslikeamoviestar
D)helooksyoungforhisage
12.A)consultherdancingteacher
B)takeamoreinterestingclass
C)continueherdancingclass
D)improveherdancingskills
13.A)themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid
B)themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital
C)thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury
D)thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions
14.A)theyarenotinstyleanymore
B)theyhavecosthimfartoomuch
C)theynolongersuithiseyesight
D)theyshouldbecleanedregularly
15.A)hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor
B)hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor
C)hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome
D)herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone
16.A)fixingsomefurniture
B)repairingthetoytrain
C)readingtheinstructions
D)assemblingthebookcase
17.A)urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy
B)helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams
C)acttowardsJennyinamoresensibleway
D)sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter
18.A)Thebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudget
B)theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea
C)thelocalpeoplefelinsecureaboutthedam
D)thedamposesathreattothelocalenvironment
Question19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhave
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