浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结.docx
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浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结.docx
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浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结
UnitTwo
NeatPeoplevs.SloppyPeople
I.DifficultSentences
1.(Para.1) Thedistinctionis,asalways,moral.
1)Whatdoes“asalways”meaninthissentence?
“Asalways”means“inawaythatisexpectedbecauseitusuallyhappenslike
that”.
2)Whatdoesthesentenceimplyabouttheauthor?
Thesentenceimpliestwothingsabouttheauthor:
a)Theauthorseemstothinkthatmostdistinctionsbetweenpeoplearemoral.
b)Theauthorintendstousethissentenceasaforeshadowingofwhatistobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs,thatis,thedifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleintermsofmorality.
2.(Para.2)Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude.
1)Paraphrasethesentence.
Theirsloppinesssimplyresultsfromtheirstrongsenseofmoralityandhigh
standards.
2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
他们之所以邋遢,纯粹是因为过于公正而导致的不良后果。
3.(Para.2)Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind’seyeaheavenlyvision,apreciseplanthatissostupendous,soperfect,itcan’tbeachievedinthisworldorthenext.
1)Whatgrammaticalstructureisthepart“apreciseplanthatissostupendous,
soperfect”?
Thepartservesastheappositionof“aheavenlyvision”.
2)Whatdoes“it”referto?
“It”refersto“aheavenlyvision”,“apreciseplan”.
3)Paraphrasethepart“Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind’seyeaheavenly
vision.”
Sloppypeoplehaveintheirimaginationanidealizedpicture,asbeautifulas
heaven,ofwhattheworldshouldbelike.
4.(Para.3)Somedayistheirmétier.
1)Paraphrasethesentence.
Theyareverygoodatmakingplansforthefutureanditistheirhabittoput
everythingofftillsomedaythatwillnevercome.
2)WhatisthefunctionofthesentenceinParagraph3?
Thesentencefunctionsasthetopicsentence,establishingthefocusof
Paragraph3.
3)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
他们的拿手好戏就是筹划有朝一日该怎么办。
5.(Para.4)Forallthesenoblereasonsandmore,sloppypeoplenevergetneat.
1)Whatdoes“thesenoblereasons”referto?
Canyoulist“more”reasonsforthe
messofsloppypeople?
“Thesenoblereasons”referstothereasonsdiscussedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.Tobeexact,itreferstothefactsthat1)sloppypeoplehaveextrememoralrectitude;2)sloppypeopleholdaheavenlyvision;3)sloppypeopleliveinNever-NeverLand.“More”reasonsmightbethat1)sloppypeopleaimtoohighandwide;2)sloppypeoplecan’tbeartopartwithanything.
2)Howdoyouunderstandtheuseoftheword“noble”inthesentence?
Originally“noble”means“havingorshowinganexcellentcharacter”.Hereitisusedtoachievetherhetoricaleffectsofemphasisandhumorandhenceshouldn’tbetakenliterally.
6.(Para.5)Fourhoursortwoweeks…beforehethrowsthemaway.
1)Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardssloppypeoplefromthe
sentence?
Wecanlearnthattheauthorisquiteunderstandingandsupportivewithregardtothemessofsloppypeopleassheistryingtojustifytheirsloppinessinthissentence.
2)Howdoestheauthorconveythisattitude?
Theauthorconveysthisattitudemainlythroughherdiction.Sheemploystwowords“meticulously”and“scrupulously”whichareoftenusedcomplimentarilytoshowherapprovalandevenappreciationofsloppypeople.
7.(Para.5)Aneatpersonwouldjustbulldozethedesk.
1)Whatdoes“bulldozethedesk”suggestaboutneatpeople?
“Bulldozethedesk”means“moveallthethingsoffthedesk”.Thephrasevividlyspreadsbeforethereaders’eyestheimageofneatpeoplewho,unlikesloppypeoplegivinglovingattentiontoeverydetail,areapathyandcold-heartedwithoutbotheringtogetattachedtoeverythingtheycomeincontactwith.
2)Whatisthefunctionofthesentenceinthetext?
Thesentenceservesasatransitionalsentence,helpingtheauthorshiftfromdiscussiononsloppypeopletodiscussiononneatpeople,thusachievingcoherenceofthetext.
8.(Para.6)Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.
1)Paraphrasethesentence.
Neatpeopleareinfactlazy,stupidandincapableofdoinganythingwell.
2)Whichfigureofspeechisusedinthesentence?
Whatdoyouknowaboutit?
Ahyperboleisusedhere.Hyperboleisaformoffigurativelanguage;itisobviousandintentionalexaggerationoroverstatement.Heretheauthorusesthehyperboletoconveyherdisparagingattitudetowardsneatpeopleandcreatestrongimpressionsonthereaders’minds.
9.(Para.8)Theonlythingmessyintheneatpeople’shouseisthetrashcan.
1)Whatmakesthetrashcanintheneatpeople’shousemessy?
Thetrashcanismessybecausetheminutesomethingcomestohishand,aneatpersonwillthrowitinthetrashafterfindingitisofnouse.
2)Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’stonefromthesentence?
Thesentenceisavividproofoftheauthor’shumorousandsarcastictone.Evidentlytheauthorgoestoextremestocreateemphasis,humor,andatongue-in-cheeklanguagestyle.
10.(Para.9)That’sit.
Explaintheusageof“that’sit”.
“That’sit”isaninformalexpressionusedtosaythat1)somethinghasended;moreexamples:
That’sit;Idon’tlikeyouanymore,andyoureallymakemesick.就是这样,我不喜欢你了,你实在让我恶心。
That’sit!
I’mnotputtingupwithanymoreofherrudeness.够了,我再也不能忍受她的粗鲁无理。
2)somethingiscorrect;moreexamples:
That’sit,wehaven’tgotenoughmoneyforthecomputers.是的,我们没有足够的钱买电脑。
—Hehopestobeateacher,buthe’stooshort.他想当老师,但他太矮了。
—That’sit.对,问题就在这儿。
11.(Para.9)Nosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastletteradyingrelativeeverwrote.
1)Completethesentencebyaddingtheomittedparttoit.
Thereisnosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastletteradyingrelativeeverwrote.
2)Whatdoesthesentenceimplyaboutneatpeople?
Itimpliesthatneatpeoplearequiteinsensitiveandapatheticsincetheyruthlesslythrowawaybirthdaycardsandthelastletterofadyingrelative,whicharethemostprecioustreasuresinordinarypeople’seyes.Besides,thesentenceservesasasupportingdetailandanechototheauthor’sstatement“Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.”
3)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
他们决不会多愁善感地留着生日贺卡或某位亲戚的临终绝笔。
12.(Para.12)Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld.
1)Paraphrasethesentence.
Neatpeopleremoveordestroyallthethingsthatareintheirwaywhethertheyareorganicthingsorinorganicthings.
2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
有机物也好,无机物也罢,整洁人都夷平了事。
II.WordsandExpressions
1.(Para.1)sloppy:
adj.
1)(ofaperson)carelessanduntidyindress,orinthewayofdoingthings
*Somestudentswilldosloppyworkunlesstheteacherprodsthemtowrite
neatly.
*Hisbrainisnonetoosmall,butheisweakinmemoryandsloppyinthinking.
*如果你的工作总是邋邋遢遢的,你的老板是不会喜欢你的表现的。
(Yourbosswillnot
behappywithyourperformanceifyourworkisalwayssloppy.)
2)wetorsmearedwithaspilledliquidormoistmaterial
*Adarkroomcanbecomeaverysloppyplacetoworkin.
*天一直在下雪,雪又一直在融化,街上泥泞不堪。
(Ithadbeensnowingandthawing
andthestreetsweresloppy.)
2.(Para.2)rectitude:
n.[fml]moralcorrectnessorstraightforwardness
*Honestyandrectitudearetwooftheaspectsforthejudgmentofsocialmoral
standards.
*切勿偏离真理和正义之道。
(Nevergoasidefromthepathoftruthandrectitude.)
3.(Para.2)inone’smind’seye:
inone’simagination;inone’smemory
*Inmymind’seye,IcanstillseethehousewhereIwasborn.
*在看过建筑师的设计图后,他很容易想像出房子完工时的模样。
(Afterlookingatthe
architect’splans,itwaseasyforhimtoseethecompletedhouseinhismind’s
eye.)
Collocations:
atthebackofone’smind在内心深处
inone’srightmind神志清醒的
beoutofone’smind发疯,发狂
beonone’smind为某事担忧
4.(Para.2) vision:
n.
1)anideaorapictureinone’simagination
*Romanticvisionsofmarriedblissfloatedbeforehiseyes.
*我在梦幻中见到了世界末日。
(Isawavisionoftheendoftheworld.)
2)foresightandwisdominplanningthefuture
*Heisasuccessfulenterpriserwithabreadthofvision.
*有些生意人因为视野狭窄,不能顺应局势的变化。
(Somebusinessmencannot
adapttochangebecausetheyhavetunnelvision.)
3)theabilitytosee;sight
*Adefectofvisionpreventedhimfromfocusingaccurately.
*有些人可以通过外科手术恢复视力。
(Somepeoplecanhavetheirvisionrestored
byasurgicaloperation.)
Collocations:
havevisionof想象到,幻想
beyondone’svision在视野之外,看不见的
broadenone’svision开阔眼界
tunnelvision井蛙之见
点击查看……
CF:
vision,illusion,imagination&fantasy
这四个名词均有“想象、幻想”之意。
vision指对美好事物的“憧憬,幻想”或指“理想世界”,也可指对未来的构想或先
见之明。
illusion指“幻觉,错觉”,强调虚幻事物的逼真性,也可指不切实际的想法。
imagination指较高层次,有创造性的想象能力,着重指根据现实创造性地构思新的想象。
fantasy指脱离现实的空想或狂想,有时怪得有趣,或古怪奇异。
Directions:
Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1)Hertalkcapturedthe______ofthewholeclass.(imagination)
2)AChineselandscapepaintingoftengivesa(n)______ofdistance.(illusion)
3)His_____wasambitious,butnotbeyondthedreamsofapracticalman.(vision)
4)Mostpeopleareunderthe____thatacollegedegreeguaranteessuccess.(illusion)
5)Anamusementparkfulloffiguresfromfairytalesmaybecalled“____Land”.(Fantasy)
5.(Para.2)precise:
adj.
1)sharplyexactoraccurateordelimited
*I’mnotclearabouttheprecisebearingofthewordinthispassage.
*Doctorsfoundithardtoestablishtheprecisenatureofherillness.
*我们要为明年定出准确的销售指标。
(Wemustsetourselvesprecisesalestargets
forthecomingyear.)
2)(ofaperson,mind,etc.)takingcaretobeexactandaccurate,esp.aboutminor
details
*TheNewYorkritualwaspreciseandinflexibleinsuchmatters.
*他的一言一行都有板有眼。
(Hewasverypreciseinhismanners.)
CF :
precise,accurat
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