专四阅读.docx
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专四阅读.docx
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专四阅读
2000年
TEXTA
Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesocietyinwhichwelivewemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversationswherewegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcomment,andverylikelyhaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety.’
Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.secondly,speedhasrevolutionisedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicateionssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews.
Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority.Inthelastcenturythewealthymanwithhisownlibrarywasindeedfortunate,buttodaytherearepubliclibraries.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedtoflocktothecinema,butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogrammethatisbeingchanneledintomillionsofhomes.’Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation.Themodemcommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertainment.Theprinting,broadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareallinvolvedwithinforming,educatingandentertaining.’
Althoughagreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesocietyofwhichheisapart,thevastmodemnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse.However,themassmediaarewithusforbetter,forworse,andthereisnoturningback.
66.Inthefirstparagraphthewriteremphasizesthe___offace-to-facecontactinsocialsettings.
A.nature
B.limitation
C.usefulness
D.creativity
67.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat___.
A.localnewsusedtobetheonlysourceofinformation.
B.localnewsstilltakesasignificantplace.
C.nationalnewsisbecomingmorepopular.
D.internationalnewsisthefastesttransmittednews.
68.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.Topossessinformationusedtobeaprivilege.
B.Publiclibrarieshavereplacedprivatelibraries.
C.Communicationmeansmorethantransmission.
D.Informationinfluenceswaysoflifeandthinking.
69.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriteris___.
A.indifferenttotheharmfulinfluenceofthemassmedia
B.happyaboutthedrasticchangesinthemassmedia
C.pessimisticaboutthefutureofthemassmedia
D.concernedaboutthewronguseofthemassmedia
TEXTB’
ThemenandwomenofAnglo-SaxonEnglandnormallyboreonenameonly.Distinguishingepithetswererarelyadded.Thesemightbepatronymic,descriptiveoroccupational.Theywere,however,hardlysurnames.HeritablenamesgraduallybecamegeneralinthethreecenturiesfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066.Itwasnotuntilthe13thand14thcenturiesthatsurnamesbecamefixed,althoughformanyyearsafterthat,thedegreeofstabilityinfamilynamesvariedconsiderablyindifferentpartsofthecountry.’
Britishsurnamesfallmainlyintofourbroadcategories:
patronymic,occupational,descriptiveandlocal.Afewnames,itistrue,willremainpuzzling:
foreignnames,perhaps,crudelytranslated,adaptedorabbreviated;orartificialnames.Infact,overfiftypercentofgenuineBritishsurnamesderivefromplacenamesofdifferentkinds,andsotheybelongtothelastofourfourmaincategories.EvensuchanameasSimpsonmaybelongtothislastgroup,andnottothefirst,hadthefamilyoncehaditshomeintheancientvillageofthatname.Otherwise,Simpsonmeans“thesonofSimon”,asmightbeexpected.’
Hundredsofoccupationalsurnamesareatoncefamiliartous,oratleastrecognisableafteralittlethought:
Archer,Carter,Fisher,Mason,Thatcher,Taylor,tonamebutafew.Hundredsofothersaremoreobscureintheirmeaningsandtestifytotheamazingspecializationinmedievalarts,craftsandfunctions.Suchare“Day”,(OldEnglishforbreadmaker)and“Walker”(afullerwhosejobitwastocleanandthickennewlymadecloth).’
Allthesevocationalnamescarrywiththemacertaingravityanddignity,whichdescriptivenamesoftenlack.Some,itistrue,like“Long”,“Short”or“Little”,aresimple.Theymaybetakenquiteliterally.Othersrequiremorethinking:
theirmeaningsareslightlydifferentfromthemodemones.“Black”and“White“implieddarkandfairrespectively.“Sharp”meantgenuinelydiscerning,alert,acuteratherthanquick-wittedorclever.Place-nameshavealastinginterestsincethereishardlyatownorvillageinallEnglandthathasnotatsometimegivenitsnametoafamily.Theymaybepicturesque,evenpoetical;ortheymaybepedestrian,eventrivial.Amongthecommonernameswhichsurvivewithrelativelylittlechangefromold-Englishtimesare“Milton”(middleenclosure)and“Hilton”(enclosureonahill).
70.Surnamesaresaidtobe___inAnglo-SaxonEngland.
A.common
B.vocational
C.unusual
D.descriptive
71.Welearnfromthefirstparagraph___formanyyearsafterthe13thand14thcenturies.
A.familynamesbecamedescriptiveandoccupational
B.peopleinsomeareasstillhadnosurnames
C.somepeoplekeptchangingtheirsurnames
D.allfamilynamesbecamefixedinEngland
72.“Patronymic”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“formedfrom___.
A.thenameofone’sfather”
B.thefamilyoccupation”
C.one’sfamilyhome”
D.one’sfamilyhistory”
73.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisanopinionratherthanafact?
A.hundredsofoccupationalnamesareatoncefamiliartous.
B.“Black”and“White”implied“dark”and“fair”respectively.
C.Vocationalnamescarrywiththemacertaingravityanddignity.
D.EveryplaceinEnglandhasgivenitsnametoafamily.
TEXTC
Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.Overtheyears,theyhadsuccessfullywithstoodeverychallengetothissystembytheirowngovernmentwho,inturn,hadbeenfrequentlyurgedbyforeigngovernmentstorevealinformationaboutthefinancialaffairstocertainaccountholders.TheresultofthispolicyofsecrecywasthatakindofmystiquehadgrownuparoundSwissbanking.Therewasawidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwasirresistibletowealthyforeigners,mainlybecauseofitsnumberedaccountsandbankers’reluctancetoaskawkwardquestionsofdepositors.Contributingtothemystiquewastheview,carefullypropagatedbythebanksthemselves,thatifthissecrecywasevergivenup,foreignerswouldfalloverthemselvesintherushtowithdrawmoney,andtheSwissbankingsystemwouldvirtuallycollapseovernight.’
Tomany,therefore,itcamelikeaboltoutoftheblue,when,in1977,theSwissbanksannouncedtheyhadsignedapactwiththeSwissNationalBank(theCentralBank).Theaimoftheagreementwastopreventtoimproperuseofthecountry’sbanksecrecylaws,anditseffectwastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.’
Theruleswhichthebankshadagreedtoobservemadetheopeningofnumberedaccountssubjecttomuchcloserscrutinythanbefore.Thebankswouldberequired,ifnecessary,toidentifytheoriginofforeignfundsgoingintonumberedandotheraccounts.Theideawastostopsuchaccountsbeingusedfordubiouspurposes.Alsotheyagreednottoacceptfundsresultingfromtaxevasionorfromcrime.’
Thepactrepresentedessentiallyatighteningupofbankingrules.Althoughthebanksagreedtoendrelationswithclientswhoseidentitieswereunclearorwhowereperformingimproperacts,theywerestillnotobligedtoinformonaclienttoanyone,includingtheSwissgovernment.Tosomeextent,therefore,theprincipleofsecrecyhadbeenmaintained.
74.Swissbankstookpridein___.
A.thenumberoftheiraccounts
B.withholdingclientinformation
C.beingmysterioustotheoutsiders
D.attractingwealthyforeignclients
75.Accordingtothepassage,thewidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwasirresistibletowealthyforeignerswas___bybanksthemselves.
A.denied
B.criticized
C.reviewed
D.defended
76.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthat___.
A.completechangeshadbeenintroducedintoSwissbanks
B.Swissbankscouldnolongerkeepclientinformation
C.changesinthebankpolicieshadbeensomewhatsuperficial
D.morechangesneedtobeconsideredandmade
TEXTD
Coketownwasatownofredbrick,orofbrickthatwouldhavebeenredifthesmokeandtheasheshadallowedit;butasmattersstooditwasatownofunnaturalredandblacklikethepaintedfaceofasavage.Itwasatownofmachineryandtallchimneys,outofwhichsmoketrailedthemselvesforeverandever.Ithadablackcanalinit,andariverthatranpurplewithill-smellingdye,andvastpilesofbuildingsfullofwindowswheretherewasarattlingandatremblingalldaylong,andwherethepistonofthesteam-engineworkedmonotonouslyupanddownliketheheadofanelephantinastateofmadness.Thetowncontainedseverallargestreetsallverylikeoneanother,andmanysmallstreetsstillmorelikeoneanother,inhabitedbypeopleequallylikeoneanother.’
Asunnymidsummerday.Therewassuchathingsometimes,eveninCoketown.Seenfromadistanceinsuchweather,Coketownlaycoveredin
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