职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053076.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053076.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053076
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-76
1、ImportanceofChildren'sOralHealth
FebruaryisNationalChildren'sDental(牙齿的)HealthMonth,butinchildrengoodoral(口部的)careiscriticaleveryday.Thefirstcomprehensivestudyonthenation'soralhealth,releasedrecentlybytheOfficeoftheU.S.SurgeonGeneral,callsdentalandoraldiseasesa"silentepidemic(流行病)",eveninchildren.Thereportstatesthatmorethan51millionschoolhoursarelosteachyeartodental-relatedillness.Infact,arecentstudypointedtodentalcareasthemostcommonunmethealthneedamongAmericanchildren.
Tohelpcounterthis,theAmericanAcademyofPeriodontology(牙周病学)(AAP)islaunchinganefforttoeducatechildrenandparentsaboutthepreventionofdentaldiseasesinchildren.
"Thisisimportantbecauseoralproblemscanimpactself-esteemforchildrenandleadtoproblemsofeating,speakingandattendingtolearning,"saidMichaelMcGuire,presidentoftheAAP.
Commondentalproblemsseeninchildrenarecavities(龋洞)andgingivitis(龈炎),whicharefoundinthemajorityofU.S.children."Whentheseproblemsarenotcaughtearlyandtreated,theycandevelopintomoresevereproblemsandcauseunnecessarysuffering,"saidMcGuire."However,muchofthetime,oralproblemsareavoidableproblems."
IntheRioGrandeValleyinTexas,agroupofmorethan120dentists(牙医)volunteerstodeliverdentalcaretothousandsoflow-incomechildreneachyearwithitsMobileDentalUnitthattravelsfromschooltoschool.
"AccordingtotheSurgeonGeneral'sReport,about37percentofchildrenhavenothadadentalvisitbeforestartingschool,"saidMcGuire.Whenchildrendon'tseedentists,theymisstheopportunitytohaveproblemscaughtearlybeforetheydevelopintolarger,moreexpensiveproblemstotreat,andparentsmisstheopportunitytolearnhowtopromotegoodoralhabitsintheirchildren.
Dentalandoraldiseasesarecommoninbothadultsandchildren.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,需要吃透原文句意,带者题干信息词回文章定位,主要答案依据在文章第一段第二句后半部分:
…callsdentalandoraldiseasesa“silentepidemic”,eveninchildren谈到牙齿和口腔疾病是流行病,甚至儿童也不能幸免,换句话说,牙齿和口腔疾病在成人和儿童之间都常见,所以本题正确,答案是A。
2、ReducePackaging
PressureincreasedrecentlyonBritishsupermarketsandretailerstoreducepackagingaspartofananti-wastecampaign.____Britaingenerates4.6milliontonsofhouseholdwasteeveryyearbypackaging.
Dozensofpeoplehaveexpressedangerattheexcessofplasticwrapping.CampaignershavecalledonBritaintolearnfromotherEuropeancountries,InBelgium,whenyoubuysomethinginaplasticorglasscontainer,youmakeadeposit.Whenreturnedbottlesareputinavendingmachine自动售货机,thedepositisrefunded.EnvironmentalistswarnthatBritainlagsbehindinthis.
Therewerereportsofgrowinguneaseamongconsumersovertheamountofpackagingtheyhavetodealwith.Tradestandardsofficersalsoobjecttoexcessivepackaging.Thisisbecausetoomuchpaddingcangivebuyersafalseimpressionofwhattheyarebuying.
InresponsetoacampaignbyBritain'sTheIndependentnewspaper,leadingsupermarketshavepointedtovariousinitiativestowinthepublicconfidence.tonsofcardboardayearbyswitchingtoreusableplasticcrates装货箱fortransportingitsfreshproduce.
Butcampaignerssaidretailersandthegovernmentcouldlearnmuchfromanti-wastepracticesontheContinent.InSweden,non-recyclablebatterieshavebeentaxedsince1991toencourageaswitchtoalternatives.Thishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.InGermany,plasticbagsareunheardofinsupermarketsanddepositsarepaidforreusableplasticandglassbeveragebottles.
【单选题】
A.Ifaproductisoverpackaged,don'tbuyit.
B.InBelgium,whenyoubuysomethinginaplasticorglasscontainer,youmakeadeposit.
C.Thisisbecausetoomuchpaddingcangivebuyersafalseimpressionofwhattheyarebuying.
D.Thishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.
E.Tescosaiditwassaving112,000tonsofcardboardayearbyswitchingtoreusableplasticcrates(装货箱)fortransportingitsfreshproduce.
F.ThecampaignwasinitiatedbyTheIndependentnewspaper.
正确答案:
F
答案解析:
本题难度不是很大,选项意义差异大,比较好排除,本题可以看选项,等到信息提示,使用排除法和代入法。
本题的上句谈到了,英国超市和零售商减少使用包裹是反浪费活动的一部分,campaign一词是信号词,下句转到谈具体垃圾数量,回来看选项,可以发现F项,提到了campaign,把F项代入文中,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
3、Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.【单选题】
A.simplicity
B.attraction
C.power
D.rigor
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
许多经济学家被数学的魅力所折服。
本题有一定难度,考察的是引申意义,lure的引申意义指“魅力”,和attraction“吸引力”是近义词,simplicity指“简单”,power指“力量”,rigor指“严厉”,和答案意义差异很大,最佳答案是B。
4、Semco
At21,RicardoSemlerbecamebossofhisfather-sbusinessinBrazil,Semco,whichsoldpartsforships.SemlerJuniorworkedlikeamadman,from7:
30am.,untilmidnighteveryday.Oneafternoon,whiletouringafactoryinNewYork,hecollapsed.Thedoctorwhotreatedhimsaid,"There'snothingwrongwithyou.Butifyoucontinuelikethis,you'llfindanewhomeinourhospital."Semlergotthemessage.Hechangedthewayheworked.Infact,hechangedthewayhisemployeesworkedtoo.
Helethisworkerstakemoreresponsibilitysothattheywouldbetheonesworryingwhenthingswentwrong.Heallowedthemtosettheirownsalaries,andhecutallthejobshethoughtwereunnecessary,likereceptionistsandsecretaries.Thissavedmoneyandbroughtmoreequalitytothecompany."EveryoneatSemco,eventopmanagers,meetsguestsinreception,doesthephotocopying,sendsfaxes,typeslettersanddialsthephone."
Hecompletelyreorganizedtheoffice,insteadofwalls,theyhaveplantsatSemco,sobossescan'tshutthemselvesawayfromeveryoneelse.Andtheworkersarefreetodecoratetheirworkspaceastheywant.Asforuniforms,somepeoplewearsuitsandotherswearT-shirts.
Semlersays,"WehaveasalesmanagernamedRubinAgaterwhositstherereadingthenewspaperhourafterhour.Hedoesn'tevenpretendtobebusy.ButwhenaSemcopumpantheothersideoftheworldfailsandmillionsofgallonsofoilareabouttospillintothesea,Rubinspringsintoaction.
Heknowseverythingthereistoknowaboutourpumpsandhowtofixthem.That'swhenheearnshissalary.Noonecaresifhedoesn'tlookbusytherestofthetime."
Semcohasflexibleworkinghours,theemployeesdecidewhentheyneedtoarriveatwork,Theemployeesalsoevaluatetheirbossestwiceayear.____
Itsoundsperfect,butdoesitwork?
Theanswerisinthenumbers.Inthelastsixyears,Semco'srevenueshavegonefrom$35millionto$212million.Thecompanyhasgrownfromeighthundredemployeesto3,000,Why?
Semlersaysit'sbecauseof"peerpressure".Peerpressuremakeseveryoneworkhardforeveryoneelse.doinghisjobwell,theotherworkerswillnotallowthesituationtocontinue.Inotherwords,RicardoSemlertreatshisworkerslikeadultsandexpectsthemtoactlikeadults,Andtheydo.
【单选题】
A.Also,Semcoletsitsworkersusethecompany'smachinesfortheirownprojects,andmakesthemtakeholidaysforatleastthirtydaysayear.
B.Mostmanagersspendtheirtimemakingitdifficultforworkerstowork.
C.Thissavedmoneyandbroughtmoreequalitytothecompany.
D.Andtheworkersarefreetodecoratetheirworkspaceastheywant.
E.Heknowseverythingthereistoknowaboutourpumpsandhowtofixthem.
F.Ifsomeoneisn'tdoinghisjobwell,theotherworkerswillnotallowthesituationtocontinue.
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
本题难度也较大,需要认真阅读文章,可用排除法和代入法。
本题的上文谈到公司上班时间灵活,员工可自行决定上班时间,接着出现了also一词,表明应该有并列内容的陈述,下文出现了It,是对这个福利制度的继续讨论。
而且49题在同一段落,没有另起一段,可以推断本题会继续讨论与员工自由和福利有关的内容,回来看选项,把A代入文章里,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
5、BreastCancerDeathsRecordLow
Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12,000ayearforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan.
TheCancerResearchUKdatashowedthat11,990womendiedintheUKin2007.
Thepreviouslowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971-theyearrecordsbeganafterwhichitrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.
ProfessorPeterJohnson,CancerResearchUK'schiefcliniciansaid,"It'sincrediblyencouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimeinthelast40years,despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften."
Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleadingtoimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease.
"TheintroductionoftheNHS(国民保健制度)breastscreeningprogramhasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercancerisdiagnosed."
BreastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerintheUKwith45,500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease,a50%risein25years.
Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989,when15,625womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004.
Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls.
DrSarahCant,policymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer,said,"Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerandhighlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatments,breastscreeningandawarenessofthedisease.".
"However,thisisstilltoomanywomenandincidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear."
Therisingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactorsincludingobesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption.
TherateofbreastcancerdiagnosisintheUKhasbeendropping.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
在英国被诊断为乳腺癌的比例一直在降低。
根据第四段.…despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften.可知该论断是错误的。
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