研究生入学考试英语二试题与答案.docx

研究生入学考试英语二试题与答案.docx

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研究生入学考试英语二试题与答案

2018年研究生入学考试英语

（二）试题

　　SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?

Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

　　Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents’willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

　　Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

　　Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.

　　Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.

　　1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve

　　2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret

　　3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead

　　4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat

　　5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept

　　6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt

　　7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though

　　8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen

　　9.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto

　　10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget

　　11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling

　　12.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom

　　13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence

　　14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive

　　15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist

　　16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict

　　17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend

　　18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty

　　19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether

　　20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

　　Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain?

　　AsKoziatekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

　　Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.

　　Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

　　Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:

That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

　　Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

　　Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.

　　21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.

　　A.academictraining

　　B.practicalability

　　C.pioneeringspirit

　　D.mechanicalmemorization

　　22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

　　A.haveastereotypedmind

　　B.havenocareermotivation

　　C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

　　D.arenotacademicallysuccessful

　　23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

　　A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

　　B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

　　C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

　　D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

　　24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

　　A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

　　B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

　　C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

　　D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

　　25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.

　　A.tolerant

　　B.cautious

　　C.supportive

　　D.disappointed

Text2

　　Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

　　Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

　　Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

　　PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

　　Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?

”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

　　Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.

　　Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

　　26.Theword“plummeting”（Line3，Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto.

　　A.stabilizing

　　B.changing

　　C.falling

　　D.rising

　　27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

　　A.isprogressingnotably

　　B.isasextensiveasinEurope

　　C.facesmanychallenges

　　D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

　　28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

　　A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

　　B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

　　C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

　　D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

　　29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?

　　A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

　　B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

　　C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.

　　D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.

　　30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

　　A.willbringtheUScl