初中宾语从句.docx
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初中宾语从句.docx
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初中宾语从句
宾语从句
一、关于宾语
1. 宾语是动作的承受者,一般放在及物动词后面。
如:
Our team beat all the others.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
2.有时为了强调,宾语也可以放在句首,
如:
Two weeks you shall have .你可以有两周的时间。
3.名词作宾语 Face the facts!
4.代词作宾语 They won’t hurt us.
5. 数词作宾语 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10
二、宾语从句的用法
宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。
当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
三、宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类。
1、that 引导的宾语从句
原句如果是陈述句,变宾语从句时要用 that 引导,that 无实义,只起到引导的作用。
在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。
如:
(1)I think (that) I can sell newspapers. 我想我可以卖报纸。
(2) I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。
(3) Do you think (that) the children need to write. 你认为孩子们需要写一首歌吗?
(4)Maria says (that) she doesn’t like the uniforms. 玛丽亚说她不喜欢校服。
2、whether/if引导的宾语从句 原句若是一般疑问句,变宾语从句时用whether /if 引导,whether /if意为“是否”。
如:
(1)I want to know whether / if people will leave as soon as they finish eating in western countries. 我想知道西方国家的人是否是一吃完饭就离开。
(2)Could you tell me if /whether it’s polite to speak loudly at the table ?
你能不能告诉我吃饭时大声讲话是否有礼貌?
(3) I don’t know if/whether you are right. 我不知道你是否正确。
注意:
whether/if 引导的宾语从句用法区别——用whether /if “是否”引导的宾语从句,通常情况下whether /if 可以互换。
但以下情况 whether 不能 用if 换:
(1)Whether后面紧跟有or not时。
如:
I don’t know whether or not it rains. 我不知道是否会下雨。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
(2)在介词之后用whether。
如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
(3)在不定式前用whether。
如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train. 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
(4)whether 引导主语从句位于句首首时。
如:
Whether they will go by air or by train hasn’t decided. 他们是乘飞机去还是乘火车去还没有定下来。
(5)有些动词 (如:
discuss) 后面只能跟whether,不能跟if。
如:
We discussed whether we should let him join our team. 我们商量是否让他加入我们队。
(6)whether 可以与虚词it连用,并可引导不定式,但if 不能这样用。
如:
It’s not clear whether he will be able to come。
他是否会来还不清楚
(7)引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
(8)若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
3、疑问词引导的宾语从句 原句如果是特殊疑问句,变宾语从句时要用特殊疑问词引导。
疑问词包括疑问代词(what, which, who, whose) 和疑问副词(when, how, where, why)。
如:
Do you know who that man is over there ?
你知道那边那个人是谁吗?
You may ask what North American people wear on special days. 你也许会问北美洲的人在特殊的日子里穿什么衣服。
I ask Tom which Chinese dish is his favorite.我问汤姆他最喜欢的是那一道中国菜。
I don’t know who will come to the English corner.我不知道谁会来英语角。
Can you tell me how you deal with the problem ?
你能告诉我你怎样解决这个问题吗?
Can you tell me where they are ?
你能告诉我他们在哪里吗 ?
I ask him why his hot dogs are so popular. 我问他为什么他的热狗这么受欢迎。
四、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序一定要使用陈述句语序。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
(1)连接词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语。
常见的连接词有:
who,what,which等。
如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
常见的连接词有:
whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room. 老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。
常见的连接词有:
who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。
如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.
他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?
你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。
常见的连接词有:
what,which,how many,how much,how等。
如:
Do you know which class he is in ?
你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.
她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
五、 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用相应的任何时态。
如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
(2)如果主句是过去时,宾语从句只可根据需要选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
如:
The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
(3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
宾语从句语法小结:
句式
连词
语序
陈述句
that
不变
一般疑问句
If/whether
改为陈述语序
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
宾语从句的时态问题
主句
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
从句
保留原来时态
改为过去的某个时态
客观事实和自然现象除外
所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
现在进行时态
过去进行时态(was/weredoing)
现在完成时态
过去完成时态(had+过去分词)
一般将来时态
过去将来时态(woulddo;was/weregoingtodo)
习题
(一)
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
答案:
1-5ADCBC
习题
(二)
1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
答案:
1-7CBBAAAC
习题(三)
1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
4.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
5Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
6Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
答案:
1-6BDBAAC
综合练习:
1.Hesaid________shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
2.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.that B.how C.what D.if
3.A:
Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?
B:
Hercousin,Susan.
A.that B.whose C.who D.which
4.Iwanttoknow________.
A.whatishisname B.what'shisname C.thathisnameis D.whathisnameis
5.Couldyoutellme________?
A.whendidTomcomeback B.whendoesTomcomeback
C.whenTomwillcomeback D.whenTomcomesback
6.A:
Couldyoutellme________?
B:
I'mnotsure.
A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospital B.whenisThanksgivingDay
C.whichanimaldoeshelikebest D.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart
7.Mr.Kingdidn'tknow________yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehome B.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehome D.whenhissoncamehome
8.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25________ChristmasDay.
A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.which
9.Iwonder________youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.
A.that B.whether C.thatif D.thatwhether
10.A:
I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
B:
Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.how B.where C.when D.what
11.Doyouknow________duringthecomingholiday?
A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdo C.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdid
12.Theteachertoldusthatlight________muchfasterthansound.
A.travels B.traveled C.wouldtravel D.hadtraveled
13.Doyouknowif________backnextweek?
Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.
A.hecomes,willcome B.willhecome,comes
C.hewillcome,comes D.willhecome,willcome
14.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.took B.take C.takes D.willtake
15.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergone C.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen
完形填空:
Marklivedinavillagefaraway.Onedayhebecameveryillandeveryonethoughthewould1soon.Theysentforadoctor.Twodays2thedoctorcameandlookedoverthesickman.3askedforapenandsomepapertowritedownthenameofthemedicine.Buttherewasnopen4paperinthevillage,becausenoonecouldwrite.
Thedoctor5upapieceofburntwoodfromthefireandwrotethenameofthemedicineonthe6ofthehouse.“Getthismedicineforhim.”hesaid,“andhewillsoonget7.”Mark’sfamilyandfriendsdidnotknow8todo.Theycouldnotreadthestrangewords.Thenayoungman9anidea.Hetookoffthedoorofthehouse,putitonhiscarriage(马车)anddrovetothenearest10.Heboughtthemedicinethere,andMarkwassoonwellagain.
()1.A.wakeB.cryC.movedD.die
()2.A.lateB.laterC.agoD.before
()3A.ThesickmanB.MarkC.ThedoctorD.Thefarmer
()4.A.andB.orC.thenD.also
()5.A.pickedB.heldC.madeD.looked
()6.A.wallB.windowC.groundD.door
()7.A.wellB.worseC.badD.good
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