冶金专业英语全.docx
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冶金专业英语全.docx
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冶金专业英语全
有色冶金专业英语
(适用于冶金工程专业)
2009年9月
Lesson3OreDressing
Oredressing选矿
Concentratev.富积,浓缩,集聚
n.精矿,浓缩物
Concentrationn.集中,浓缩,浓度
Acidconcentration酸浓度
Bulkn.正体,主体,团块
Ganguen.脉石,尾矿,矿脉中的夹杂物
Tailingn.尾矿
Severancen.分离,隔离,碎散
Beneficiationn.分选
Comminutionn.粉碎
Run-of-minen.原矿
Middlingn.中矿
Liberationn.解离
Crushn.v.粉碎,碾碎,挤压
Grindn.v.研磨,磨细
Screenn.v.筛,筛分
Jiggingn.跳选,跳汰选
Handpicking手选
Lustern.光泽,光亮v.闪光,发光
Specificgravity比重
Magneticpermeability磁导率
Inductivecharging感应电荷
Electrostaticseparation静电分离
Fracturen.断口,裂缝
Automaticsortingofradioactivenatures
放射性自动选矿
Magnituden.大小,尺寸,量级,强度,等级
Magneticseparation磁选
Magneticfield磁场
Gravityconcentration重力选矿
Mediumn.介质,媒介,中间物,培养基
Dilatev.(使)膨胀,扩张,扩大
Dilatedbed松散床层
Dilationn.膨胀系数,传播,伸缩,蔓延
Lipn.凸出部分,唇部
Diverseadj.不同的,互异的,各种各样的
Tablen.摇床,淘汰盘
Tabling摇床选,淘汰选
Motionn.运动,输送,行程,机械装置,运动机构
Sink-floatseparation重介质分选
Suspensionn.悬浮物,悬浮液
Conen.圆锥体,锥形漏斗,圆锥破碎机
Stirn.v.移动,摇动,搅拌
Stirrern.搅拌器,搅拌机
Rotaryadj.旋转的,回转的,转动的
Circumferencen.圆周,周边
Rotatingmotion旋转装置,旋转设备
Floatationn.浮选
Pulpn.矿浆,浆料v.制浆,浆化
Sluicen.槽,排水道,水槽
Frothfloatation泡沫浮选
Hematiten.赤铁矿
Pyrolusiten.软锰矿
Diamondn.金刚石
Graphiten.石墨
Oredressingconcernswiththetechnologyoftreatmentoforestoconcentratetheirvaluableconstituents(minerals)intoproducts(concentrate)ofsmallerbulk,andsimultaneouslytocollecttheworthlessmaterial(gangue)intodiscardablewaste(tailing).Thefundamentaloperationsofore-dressingprocessesarethebreakingapartoftheassociatedconstituentsoftheorebymechanicalmeans(severance)andtheseparationoftheseveredcomponents(beneficiation)intoconcentrateandtailing,usingmechanicalorphysicalmethodswhichdonoteffectsubstantialchemicalchanges.1
Severance.Comminutionisasingle,ormultistageprocesseswherebyoreisreducedfromrun-of-minesizetothatsizeneededbythebeneficiationprocesses.Theprocessisintendedtodetailedcontrol,aclassofparticlescontainingbothmineralandgangue(middlingparticles)arealsoproduced.Thesmallerthepercentageofmiddlingthegreaterthedegreeofliberation.Comminutionisdividedintocrushing(downto6-to14-mush)andgrinding(downtomicronsize).Crushingisusuallydoneinthreestages:
coarsecrushingfromrun-of-minesizeto4-6in.,orcoarser;intermediatecrushingdowntoabout1/2in.;andfinecrushingto1/4in.orless.Screenisamethodofsizingwherebygradedproductsareproduced,theindividualparticlesineachgradebeingofnearlythesamesize.Inbeneficiation,screeningispracticedfortworeasons:
asandintegralpartoftheseparateonprocess,forexample,injigging,andtoproduceafeedofsuchsizerangeasiscompatiblewiththeapplicabilityoftheseparationprocess.
Beneficiation.Thisstepconsistsoftwofundamentaloperations:
thedeterminationthatanindividualparticleiseitheramineraloragangueparticle(selection);andthemovementofselectedparticlesviadifferentpaths(separation)intotheconcentrateandtailingproducts.2Whenmiddlingparticlesoccur,theywilleitherbeselectedaccordingtotheirmineralcontentandthencausedtoreportasconcentrateortailing,orbeseparatedasathirdproduct(middling).3Inthelattercase,themiddlingisregroundtoachievefurtherliberation,andtheproductisfedbackintothestreamofmaterialbeingtreated.
Selectionsbaseduponsomephysicalorchemicalpropertyinwhichthemineralandgangueparticlesdifferinkindordegreeorboth.Thusinpicking,theoldformofbeneficiation,color,luster,andshapeareusedtodecidewhetheralumpoforeispredominantlymineralorgangue.Useismadeofdifferencesinotherphysicalorchemicalproperties,suchasspecificgravity,magneticpermeability,inductivecharging(electrostaticseparation),surfacechemicalproperties,bulkchemicalproperties,weakplanesoffracture(separationbyscreening),andgamma-rayemission(automaticsortingofradioactivenature).
Separationisachievedbysubjectingeachparticleofthemixturetoasetofforcesthatisusuallythesameirrespectiveofthenatureoftheparticlesexceptingfortheforcebaseduponthediscriminatingproperty.Thisforcemaybepresentforbothmineralandgangueparticlesbutdifferinginmagnitude,oritmaybepresentforonetypeofparticleandabsentfortheother.Asaresultofthisdifferenceseparationispossible,andtheparticlesarecollectedasconcentrateortailing.
Magneticseparationutilizestheforceexertedbyamagneticfielduponmagneticmaterialstocounteractpartiallyorwhollytheeffectofgravity.Thusundertheactionofthesetwoforcesdifferentpathsareproducedforthemagneticandnonmagneticparticles.
Gravityconcentrationisbasedonadiscriminatingforce,themagnitudeofwhichvarieswithspecificgravity.Theotherforcethatisusuallyoperatingingravitymethodsistheresistancetorelativemotionexertedupontheparticlesbythefluidorsemi-fluidmediuminwhichseparationtakesplace
Jiggingisagravitymethodthatseparatesmineralfromgangueparticlebyutilizinganeffectivedifferenceinsettlingratethroughaperiodicallydilatedbed.Duringthedilationheavierparticlesworktheirwaytothebottomwhilethelighterparticlesremainontopandaredischargedoverthelip.Jiggingispracticedonmaterialsthatareliberateduponbeingreducedtosizesrangingfrom3/2in.,downtoseveralmillimeters.Ithasbeenusedonsuchdiverseoresascoal,ironores,goldandleadores.
Tablingisagravitymethodinwhichthefeed,introducedontoaninclinedplaneandreciprocateddeck,movesinthedirectionofmotionwhilesimultaneouslybeingwashedbyawaterfilmwhichmovesitalsoatrightanglestothemotionofthedeck.4Theheaviermineralandthelightergangueareusuallycollectedovertheedgesofthedeck.Theboundarybetweentheheaviermineralandlightergangueparticlesisroughlyalineardiagonalbandonthedeckofthetable.Thisdiagonalbandisnotstationary;ratherittendstomoveaboutameanposition.Inpracticetherefore,athirdproduct,themiddling,iscollectedbetweenthedischargeedgesofconcentrateandgangue.Ifthefeedtothetablehasbeencrushedorgroundtoproduceliberation,thenthemiddlingisreturnedtothefeed.Ifliberationhasnotbeenachieved,themiddlingisreturnedtothecrushing-grindingsectionofthemill.Tablesmaybeusedtotreatrelativelycoarsematerial(sandtables)withsizesrangingfromabout2~3mmdownto0.07mm.
Sink-floatseparationisthesimplestgravitymethodandisbasedonexistingdifferencesinspecificgravity.Thefeedparticlesareintroducedintoasuspension,thespecificgravityofwhichisbetweenthatofthemineralandgangueparticles,withtheresultthatparticlesofhigherspecificgravitysinkwhilethoseoflowerspecificgravityfloat.5Theseparatorisaconeequippedwithaslowlyoperatedstirrerwhichservestoimpartslowrotarymotiontothesuspensionandpreventthesuspensionfromsettlingoutonthewalls.Feedisintroducedatonepointofthecircumferenceandisslowlymovedbytherotatingmotionofthesuspension.Bythetimethismaterialhasreachedthedischargepointonthecircumference,thoseparticleswhosespecificgravityisgreaterthanthatofthesuspensionhavemoveddownthroughthesuspensionsothatonlyfloatparticlesaredischargedatthetop,thesinkparticlesaredischargedatthebottom.
Flotationisusedtoseparatevaluablemineralsfromwasterockorgangue,inwhichthegroundoreissuspendedinwaterand,afterchemicaltreatment,subjectedtobubblesofair.Themineralsthataretobefloatedattachtotheairbubbles,risethroughthesuspension,andareremovedwiththefroththatformsontopofthepulp.Frothflotationwasfirstusedtorecoversulfidemineralsthatweretoofinetoberecoveredbygravityconcentratorssuchasjigs,tables,andsluices.Frothflotationisalsousedtoconcentrateoxidemineralssuchashematite(Fe2O3)andpyrolusite(MnO2),andnativeelementssuchassulfur,silver,gold,copperandcarbon(bothgraphiteanddiamond).Frothflotationisalsousedtoseparatethesilicateminerals.
Lesson5MaterialsScienceandEngineering
Embrace包括
Ceramics陶瓷
Inanimate无生命的
Homogeneous均匀的
Predominate主导
Rigidity刚性
Weldability可焊性
Composite复合材料
Spectrum种类
Brass黄铜
Bronze青铜
Invar因钢(NiFe)
Cement水泥
Ferrite铁素体
Garnet石榴石
PVC聚氯乙烯
Polyethylene聚乙烯
PTFE聚四氟乙烯
Terylene涤纶
nylon尼龙
leather皮革
reinforced增强
dispersion弥散
supersonic超声波
optimum最优
fabrication人工制作
invariable不变的
corrosion腐蚀
fatigue疲劳
assess评估
1. MaterialsScience
“MaterialsScience”isasubjectforengineersofthemodernage.Itembracesastudyofdifferentmaterialsregardingtheirstructures,propertiesanduses.The“material”heredoesnotrefertoallmatterintheUniverse.Ifthiswereso,itwouldincludeallthephysicalsciencesandthelifesciencesformastronomytozoology.Wecanrestrictthedefinitiononlytomatterusefultomankind.Evenhere,therangeistoobroadforthepurposesoftheengineer.Forexample,wecanlistalargenumberofthingsuseful,toman,suchasfood,medicines,explosives,chemicals,water,steel,plasticsandconcrete,onlyafewofwhichqualifyasengineeringmaterials.Wehavethentobemorespecific,anddefinematerialsasthatpartofinanimatematterthatisusefultotheengineerinthepracticeofhisprofession.1Recentlytheterm,materialsreferonlytosolidmaterials,eventhoughitispossibletoquoteanumberofexamplesofliquidandgaseousmaterialssuchassulfu
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