南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷.docx

南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷.docx

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南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷

南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷

FinalTestForPostgraduateStudentsofGrade201X

PartI.Vocabulary（20%）

a.Choosethewordorphrasethatiscloserinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.

1.Duringthepastdecades,theinternationalcommunityusuallyundertheauspicesoftheUnitedNation,hasstruggledtonegotiateglobalstandardsthatcanhelpusachievemanyessentialgoals.

A.WiththeadvanceofB.withtheadditionofC.withtheviewofD.withthehelpof

2.Themortalityrateofchildrenunderfiveyearsoldisanimportantindicationofthesituationofchildreninacountry.

A.growthB.birthC.deathD.injury

3.Theutilitiescontendthatthisreducedcapacitywillresultincurtailedserviceandhigherpricessomeyearsdowntheroad.

A.bythewayB.alongthestreetC.inthepastD.inthefuture

4.Stabilityatthatlevelangurswellforthemarket,analystssay,whileaplungethroughitcouldsparkrenewedsellingofstocks.

A.fallB.hurdleC.leapD.lead

5.Mostsuccessfulcompaniesallovertheworldhavewell-establishedandidentifiablelinesoforganization.

A.complicatedB.confusingC.recognizableD.formidable

6.Milkchocolateshavealesspronouncedtasteofchocolateandtheyaresweeterthandarkchocolateandhavealightercolor.

A.distinctB.spokenC.articulatedD.uttered

7.Prepareyourselfforimmersionintoadiverselearningenvironmentinwhichyou’llbeaskedtochallengeyourpre-conveivednotionsaboutyourownidentityandabilities.

A.rinsingB.dryingC.shrinkingD.involvement

8.Withtheconvenientonlineshoppingservices,customerscandesignandorderappareldirectlyfromthevirtualshops.

A.appliancesB.merchandiseC.utilitiesD.clothes

9.Meanwhile,apollofWallStreetstrategistsfoundthatnotasinglepunditwaspredictingthatAmericanshareswouldfallthisyear.

A.brokerB.authorityC.shareholderD.scholarship

10.Thecomputerwillplaythepivotalroleeitherinthebasicmedicineteachingorintheexperimentalteaching.

A.importantB.crucialC.necessaryD.irreplaceable

b.Cloze

Chooseanappropriatewordfromtheboxtofillineachofthefollowingblanks.

Changetheformwherenecessary.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsintheboxmorethanonce.

query

aerial

cognition

expression

attest

robotics

meld

cover

vital

arise

guideline

deploy

recapitulate

endow

collection

InthejournalScience,ProfessorStarkeycallsforethicalguidelinesto

（1）______allaspects

ofrobotictechnology,notjustinthehomeandworkplace,butalsoonthebattlefield,wherelethalrobotssuchasthemissile-armedPredatordronesusedinIraqandAfghanistanarealready

（2）_____withlethaleffect.TheUSFutureCombatSystemprojectaimstouserobotsas“forcemultipliers”,withasinglesoldierinitiatinglarge-scalegroundan（3）______attacksbyarobotdroidarmy.“Robotsforcareandforwarrepresentjusttwoofmanyethicallyproblematicareasthatwillsoon（4）______fromtherapidincreaseandspreadingdiversityofroboticsapplications,”ProfessorStarkeysaid,“Scientistsandengineersworkinginroboticsmustbemindfulofthepotentialdangersoftheirwork,andpublicandinternationaldiscussionis（5）_____inordertosetpolicyguidelinesforethicalandsafeapplicationbeforetheguidelinessetthemselves.”

Thecallforcontrolsoverrobotsgoesbacktothe1940swhenthescience-fictionauthorIsaacAsimovdrewuphisfamousthreelawsof（6）_____.Thefirstrulestatedthatrobotsmustnotharmpeople;thesecondthattheymustobeythecommandsofpeopleprovidedthemdoesnotconflictwiththefirstlaw;andthethirdlawwasthatrobotsmustattempttoavoidharmingthemselvesprovidedthiswasnotinconflictwiththetwootherlaws.

Asimovwrotea（7）______ofsciencefictionseriescalledI,Robotwhichexploitedtheissueofmachinesandmorality.Hewantedtocounterthelonghistoryoffictionalaccountsofdangerousautomatons—fromtheJewishGolemtoMaryShelly’sFrankenstein—andusedhisthreelawsasaliterarydevicetoexploittheethicalissuesarisingfromthehumaninteractionwithnon-human,intelligentbeings.Butlate20th--centurypredictionsabouttheriseofmachines（8）______withsuperiorartificialintelligencehavenotbeenrealized,althoughrobotscientistshavegiventheirmechanicalprotégés（门客）quasi-intelligent（准智能的）traitssuchassimplespeechrecognition,emotional（9）______andfacerecognition.

ProfessorStarkeybelievethatevendumbrobotsneedtobecontrolled.“I’mnotsuggestinglikeAsimovtoputethicalrulesintorobots,buttojusttohave（10）______onhowrobotsareused,”hesaid.“Currentrobotsarenotbrightenougheventobecalledstupid.IfIeventhoughttheywouldbesuperiorinintelligence,Iwouldnothavetheseconcerns.Theyaredumbmachinesno