阅读理解六级.docx
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阅读理解六级.docx
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阅读理解六级
PassageOneI'lladmitI'veneverquiteunderstoodtheobsession(难以破除的成见)surroundinggeneticallymodified
(GM)crops.Toenvironmentalistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,anunderstudied,possiblyharmfultool
usedbybigagriculturalbusinessestocontrolglobalseedmarketsandcrushlocalfarmers.TheyarguethatGM
foodshaveneverdeliveredontheirsupposedpromise,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouldbebetterchanneled
toorganicfarmingandthatconsumersshouldbeprotectedwithwarninglabelsonanyproductsthatcontain
geneticallymodifiedingredients.Tosupporters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheefforttosustainablyprovidefood
tomeetagrowingglobalpopulation.Butmorethanthat,supportersseetheGMoppositionofmany
environmentalistsasfundamentallyanti-science,nodifferentthanthosewhoquestionthebasicsofman-made
climatechange.
Forbothsides,GMfoodsseemtoactasasymbol:
you'repro-agriculturalbusinessoranti-science.But
scienceisexactlywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,whichiswhyIwashappytoseeNature
devoteaspecialseriesofarticlestotheGMfoodcontroversy.Theconclusion:
whileGMcropshaven'tyet
realizedtheirinitialpromiseandhavebeendominatedbyagriculturalbusinesses,thereisreasontocontinuetouse
anddevelopthemtohelpmeettheenormouschallengeofsustainablyfeedingagrowingplanet.
Thatdoesn'tmeanGMcropsareperfect,oraone-size-fits-allsolutiontoglobalagricultureproblems.But
anythingthatcanincreasefarmingefficiency一theamountofcropswecanproduceperacreofland一willbe
extremelyuseful.GMcropscanandalmostcertainlywillbepartofthatsuiteoftools'butsowilltraditionalplant
breeding,improvedsoilandcropmanagement一andperhapsmostimportantofall,betterstorageandtransport
infrastructure(基础设施),especiallyinthedevelopingworld.(Itdoesn'tdomuchgoodforfarmersinplaceslike
sub-SaharanAfricatoproducemorefoodiftheycan'tgetittohungryconsumers.)I'dliketoseemore
non-industryresearchdoneonGMcrops—notjustbecausewe'dworrylessaboutbias,butalsobecauseseed
companieslikeMonsantoandPioneershouldn'tbetheonlyentitiesworkingtoharnessgeneticmodification.I'd
liketoseeGMresearchonlesscommercialcrops,likecom.Idon'tthinkit'svitaltolabelGMingredientsinfood,
butIalsowouldn'tbeagainstit一andindustrywouldbesmarttogoalongwithlabeling,justasawayof
removingfearsaboutthetechnology.
Mostofall,though,Iwishatenthoftheenergythat'sspentendlesslydebatingGMcropswasfocusedon
thosemorepressingchallengesforglobalagriculture.Therearemuchbiggerbattlestofight.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56.HowdoenvironmentalistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?
A)Theywilleventuallyruinagricultureandtheenvironment.
B)Theyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopolizeagriculture.
C)Theyhaveprovedpotentiallyharmfultoconsumers'health.
D)Theyposeatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice.
57.Whatdoestheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthedebate?
A)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoly.B)Morefriendlyexchangeofideas.
C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D)MorescientificresearchonGMcrops.
58.WhatisthemainpointoftheNaturearticles?
A)FeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitimperativetodevelopGMcrops.
B)PopularizingGMtechnologywillhelpittoliveuptoitsinitialpromises.
C)MeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods.
D)Bothsupportersandopponentsshouldmakecompromises.
59.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthesolutiontoagriculturalproblems?
A)IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology.
B)Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.
C)GMcropsshouldbealloweduntilbetteralternativesarefound.
D)Whateverisusefultoboostfarmingefficiencyshouldbeencouraged.
60.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?
A)Itarisesoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience.
B)Itdistractsthepublicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworld.
C)Effortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture.
D)Neithersideislikelytogiveinuntilmoreconvincingevidenceisfound.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson'sinfluenceisgreatly
expanded.ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedtobeconfirmedasthenextchairofthe
FederalReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfindsherself.Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatunemploymentisthe
majoreconomicandsocialconcernofourday,thenitisnostretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfulpersonin
theworldrightnow.
Throughoutthe2008financialcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,centralbankshavetaken
ontheroleofstimulatorsoflastresort,holdinguptheglobaleconomywithvastamountsofmoneyintheformof
assetbuying.Yellen,previouslyaFedvicechair,wasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftheFed's$3.8trillion
moneydump.Astareconomistknownforhergroundbreakingworkonlabormarkets,Yeilenwasakindof
meltdown.Nowitwillbeherjobto
(次级债)prophetessearlyoninthecrisisforherwarningsaboutthesubprime
gettheFedandthemarketsoutofthebiggestandmostunconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithout
derailingthefragilerecovery.
ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,67,isparticularlywellsuitedtomeetthesechallenges.Shehasakeen
understandingoffinancialmarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfectionsandastrongbeliefthathumansuffering
wasmorerelatedtounemploymentthananythingelse.
SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeinclinedtochaseunemploymenttotheneglectofinflation.Butwith
wagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetweenthewell-offandthelong-term
unemployed'morepeopleworryabouttheopposite,deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatetheeconomy's
problems.
Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwillhavetowalkafinelineinslowlyendingthestimulus.Itmustbe
steadyenoughtodeflatebubbles(去泡沫)andbringmarketsbackdowntoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreates
anothercreditcrisis.
UnlikemanypastFedleaders,Yellenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustry'sargumentthatitshouldbe
leftalonetoregulateitself.SheknowsallalongtheFedhasbeentooslackonregulationoffinance.
Yellenislikelytoaddressrightaftershepushesunemploymentbelow6%,stabilizesmarketsandmakessure
thattherecoveryismoreinclusiveandrobust.AsPrincetonProfessorAlanBlindersays'She'ssmartasawhip,
deeplylogical,willingtoarguebutalsoagoodlistener.Shecanpersuadewithoutcreatinghostility.AHthose
traitswillbeusefulastheglobaleconomy'snewpowerplayertakesonitsmostannoyingproblems.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61.WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?
A)Lackofmoney.B)Subprimecrisis.C)Unemployment.D)Socialinstability.
62.WhatdidYellenhelptheFeddototacklethe2008financialcrisis?
A)Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation.
B)DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.
C)Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions.
D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.
63.Whatisagreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?
A)Recession.B)Deflation.C)Inequality.D)Income.
64.WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?
A)Developanewmonetaryprogram.B)Restorepublicconfidence.
C)Tightenfinancialregulation.D)Reformthecreditsystem.
65.HowdoesAlanBlinderportrayYellen?
A)Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.
B)Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.
C)Sheisoneoftheworld'sgreatesteconomists.
D)SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory.
PartVITranslation(30minutes)
2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻,其城市人口首次超过农村人口。
在未来20年里,预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。
如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战,也是机遇。
中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念。
强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。
它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。
有了这个明确的目标,中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展,并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Technologycanmakeussmarterorstupider,andweneedtodevelopasetofprinciplestoguideoureveryday
behaviorandmakesurethattechisimprovingandnothinderingourmentalprocesses.Oneofthebigquestions
beingdebatedtodayis:
Whatkindofinformationdoweneedtohavestoredinourheads,andwhatkindcanwe
leaveinthecloud,tobeaccessedasnecessary?
Anincreasinglypowerfulgroupwithineducationarechampioningdigital楬整慲祣.Intheirview,skillsbeat
knowledge,developingdigitalliteracyismoreimportantthanlearningmerecontent,andallfactsarenow
Google-ableandthereforeunworthyofcommittingtomemory.Buteventhemostsophisticateddigitalliteracy
skillswon'thelpstudentsandworkersnavigatetheworldiftheydon'thaveabroadbaseofknowledgeabouthow
theworldactuallyoperates.Ifyoufocusonthedeliverymechanismandnotthecontent,you'redoingkidsa
disservice.
Indeed,evidencefromcognitivesciencechallengesthenotionthatskillscanexistindependentoffactual
knowledge.Datafromthelastthirtyyearsleadstoaconclusionthatisnotscientifically
challengeable:
thinkingwellrequiresknowingfacts,andthat'struenotonlybecauseyouneedsomethingtothink
about.Theveryprocessesthatteacherscareaboutmost--criticalthinkingprocesses—areintimatelyinterwined
(交织)withfactualknowledgethatisstoredinlong-termmemory
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