高中英语语法讲义代词.docx
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高中英语语法讲义代词.docx
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高中英语语法讲义代词
高中英语语法讲义——代词
数、格
人称代词
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
人称代词不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能:
人称代词的主格作主语,宾格可作宾语和表语。
Hewoulddrownhissadnessincoffee.(主格作主语)
Thankyouforyourletter.(动宾)
Iboughtapresentforhim.(介宾)
Hi,it’sme.(宾格作表语)
提示:
(1)在Itis/was…that/who…强调句型中,若被强调部分作主语,虽然跟在is/was后,但仍用主格形式。
It’sIwhodidit.
(2)在没有谓语动词的句子中,人称代词常用宾格。
-Gladtomeetyou.
-Me,too.
用人称代词填空
1.-Jim,canyouworkhisSunday?
-Why______?
I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.
2.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof______whenIwasababy.
物主代词
意思
类别
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
ours
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1.形容性物主代词
相当于形容词,置于名词前作定语。
Isthisyourseat,sir?
Thegovernmenthaschangeditspolicy.
2.名词性物主代词
相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。
Thisisnotmydictionary.MineislenttoLucy.(作主语)
Thiscameraismineandthatisyours.(作表语)
Everypersonshowedhisticket,andIshowedminetoo.(作宾语)
用物主代词填空
3.Thesweetmusicofthatlaughterbroughtbackahundredmemoriesofpastwinters.Irememberedcatchingsnowflakesonmytongue,buildingsnowmenandalwayslosingsnowballfightswithfirst______brothersandthenmyownchildren.
4.Thisisourroom,and______isjustacrossthehall.
反身代词
人称
数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself,herself,itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1.反身代词的基本用法
反身代词
作宾语:
动宾:
TomtaughthimselfChinese.
介宾:
Youcan’tleavethebabybyhimself.
作表语:
Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.
作同位语:
Imyselfcanrepairthebike.
2.含有反身代词的习惯用语
(1)与介词连用
You’llhavetoseeifhehasgonetoWuhanforoneself.(亲自)
Thecomputermayshutoffbyitself.(自动地)
Onewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.(=forone’sownprivateuse,nottobeshared独自享用)
Ican’tfinishtheworkbymyself.(=alone;withouthelp单独地、独自地)
Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoywhenheheardhehadpassedtheexam.(=almostmadwithanger/excitement…由于气愤、激动等而几乎发狂、忘形)
(2)与动词连用
enjoyoneself(=haveagoodtime)玩得开心
Behaveyourself!
(=Bepolite!
Showgoodmanners!
)规矩点!
absentoneself缺席;不参加
devoteoneselfto专心于;献身于
applyoneselfto适应
treatoneselftosth.用…犒劳自己
makeoneselfathome不要客气
seatoneself(=sit)坐
thinkforoneself(=formone’sownopinion)独立思考(形成自己的看法,自行决定)
Heisnothimselftoday.(beoneself处于正常状态,显得自然)
Heisalwaysboastinghimself.(boastoneself自夸)
Amomentlater,hecametohimself.(cometooneself=regainself-controlorconsciousness恢复自制力/;苏醒过来)
Whenheworkup,hefoundhimselfinahospitalbed.(findoneself+介词短语/doingsth:
发现自己处于某种状态或在做某事)
Themoneywasonthetableandnoonewasthere,sohehelpedhimselftoit.(helponeselftosth=takesthforoneself擅自取用)
用反身代词填空
5.Idon’tbelieveyou.Didyouseeit______?
6.Itisnothisfault:
Icut______withaknife.
7.Weshouldbeindependentofourparents.Weshoulddependon_______.
指示代词
指示代词用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个,这些”,“那个,那些”。
常用的有单数this,that;复数these,those。
为了方便学习,我们把so,such也归到这一类。
1.指示代词的句法功能
Charlie,thisismyfriend,Amy.作主语
Thishouseisforrent.作定语
WhatIwanttostressisthis.作表语
Whatdoyouthinkofthis?
作宾语
2.指示代词的用法
(1)this,that,these,those
指示代词this,these指在时间或空间上较近的人或物;
that,those指在时间或空间上较远的人或物。
ThispicturewaspaintedbyRobertandthatonebyBruce.
IlovethesebooksbutIdon’tlikethose(ones).
知识拓展
A.用英语打电话时,this指自己,that指别人。
Hello!
ThisisAlan.Whoisthatspeaking?
B.刚提到的或已经完成的事情用that,而将要发生或将要提到的用this.
LittleGeorgebrokethevase,buthedidn’tadmitit.Thatwasveryannoying.
-ProfessorWatsonisgoingtogiveusalectureongeology.
-Thisisveryexciting.
(2)such的用法
such指如前面所述的这样的人或事物
Suchwastheresult.结果就是这样。
(3)so的用法
so起指示作用时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容。
1believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
既可用于肯定句也可用于否定。
Ithink/suppose/imagine/believeso.我想如此。
Idon’tthink/expect/suppose/imagine/believeso.=Ithink/expect/suppose/imagine/believenot.我想不是这样。
2用于表示肯定的hope,I’mafraid后,代替前文提到的观点。
-Itisgoingtorainthisevening.
-Ihopeso./Ihopenot.
用指示代词填空
8.Thisisformeand______isforyou.
9.______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.
it的用法
1.指代上文提到的某样东西
Whereisydictionary?
Ileftitrightonthedesk.
2.用以代替指示代词this,that
-What’sthis?
-It'saflag.
-Whoseexercisebookisthat?
-It’shers.
3.指不知性别的婴儿(baby)或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)
Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.
-Whoisknockingatthedoor?
-It’sme.
4.指时间、天气、距离等
Itisnineo’clocksharpnow.
Itisraininghardoutside.
Itisalongwaytothefactory.
5.作形式主语或形式宾语
it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语而将真正的主语或宾语后置。
It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.(作形式主语,代替不定式短语)
It’simpossibleforhimtogetthereintime.(作形式主语,代替不定式结构)
Itisnogoodlivingalonewithoutkeepingintouchwithothers.(作形式主语,代替动名词短语)
IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.(作形式宾语,代替不定式短语)
Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.(作形式宾语,代替名词性从句)
用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全句子
10.Ithink________________(有必要的)thatwehavethemeeting.
11.________________(众所周知)Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
12.________________(据说)allofthemhavegonetothecinema.
6.熟记下列有关it的固定结构
Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.(我的理解是…)
IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.(讨厌…)
Ilikeitwhenshesingsmeasong.(喜欢…)
Ican'thelpitifheisalwayslate.(没办法)
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.(将不胜感激)
Idon’tminditifyouarelate.(不会介意)
Pleaseseetoitthat(makesurethat)youbringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.(确保)
Youcancountonitthatheisverysmart.(相信…)
Assomeoneputsit:
Practicemakesperfect.(正如…所说的那样)
Youneedn’tgoifyoudon’tfeellikeit.(不愿意)
Whenitcomestofootball,heismoreexcited.(提到…)
7.用于强调句型(详见特殊句式专题)
用适当的代词填空
13.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
14.______isnotwhatyourfatherisbutwhetheryoucandotheworkwellthatmatters.
15.______isawonder(that)hecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!
不定代词
词义
(一)both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别
指代
都
任何
都不
两个人或物
both
either
neither
三个或三个以上的人或物;不可数名词
all
any
none
如:
I’veboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.
IamsorryIcan’tlendyouany(money).
Noneofthismoneyismine.
用适当的代词填空
16.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound______ofthemagain.
17.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but______containedanyusefulsuggestions.
(二)one,ones,theone,theones,that,those的区别
替代
one
a/an+单数名词
ones
零冠词+复数名词
theone
the+单数名词
theones
the+复数名词
that
the+单数可数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)
those
the+复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)
Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays,youcanchooseone(=asummercamp)basedonyourowninterests.(one代替“a/an+单数名词”)
Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=presents)thatIhadneverseen.
Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheone/that(=thebook)underthedesk.(theone/that
代替“the+单数名词”)
Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthantheones/those(=thebooks)underthedesk.(the
ones/those代替“the+复数名词”)
Littlejoycanequalthat(=thejoy)ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.(that代替
“the+不可数名词”)
用适当的代词填空:
18.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_______inthecity.
19.Helpingothersisahabit,________youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.
(三)one,another,theother;some,others,theothers的区别
一个/一些
另外一个/一些
剩余的一个/一些
单数
one
another
theother
复数
some
others
theothers
一本/一些书
另外一本/一些书
剩余的一本/一些书
单数
onebook
anotherbook
theotherbook
复数
somebooks
otherbooks
theotherbooks
注意:
1.theother后通常加可数名词(单数/复数),不能加不可数名词;短语therestof(剩余的)后既可以加可数名词(单数或复数),也可以加不可数名词;else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。
-Whatdidyoudolastweekend?
-Oh,nothingelse.
2.体会下列句子中黑体词的用法
(1)Ihavetwobooks:
oneisEnglish,andtheother(one)/oneisFrench.
(2)Hewillstayhereforanotherthree/threeother/threemoredays.
(3)Therearemanybooksonthetable:
someareEnglish,theothers/therestareFrench.
(4)He’llbeinawheelchairfortherestofhislife.
(5)Wouldyoupleasemakeitsomeotherday/anotherday?
(6)IsawhiminLondontheotherday/week/month.(=afewdays/weeks/monthsago)
(7)HehasnootherclosefriendslikeJohn.
(8)Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,whoelse’scanitbe?
用another或theother填空
20.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave________onethismonth.
21.Heraisedonearmandthen________.
(四)someone/somebody/something,anyone/anybody/anything,everyone/everybody/everything,noone/nobody/nothing的区别
某
任何
每个,所有
没有
人
someone/
somebody
anyone/
anybody
everyone/
everybody
noone/
nobody
物
something
anything
everything
nothing
NothinginmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.
Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlyanything(almostnothing)leftinthehouse.
(五)none,nobody/noone,nothing的区别
1.
指代
用来回答
相当于
none
人或物
howmany
howmuch
nota/an/any+名词
或no+名词
nobody
(noone)
人
who
notanyone
notanybody
nothing
物
what
notanything
-Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?
-None.
IfIhadsomemoney,Iwouldlendhimsome,butunfortunately,Ihavenone.(none=notanymoney)
Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasnooneatthemoment.(noone=notanyone)
2.none后面可跟of短语,而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/noone却不能。
如:
Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.
Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasasecret.
用none,nobody(noone),nothing填空
22.________canbegoodatsomethingfor40yearsifhedoesn’tloveit.
23.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis
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