初中被动语态讲解及练习.docx
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初中被动语态讲解及练习.docx
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初中被动语态讲解及练习
被动语态
一、概念:
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
二、主动句变为被动句的步骤:
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。
三、被动语态的用法:
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:
is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词
Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.
Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:
was/were+及物动词的过去分词
Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:
has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词
Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:
will+be+及物动词的过去分词
Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.
Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:
情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
Youngtreesmustbewateredoften. Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.
Thedoormaybelockedinside.
Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:
am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词
7.不定式的被动语态:
to+be+及物动词的过去分词
Therearetwobookstoberead.
Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词
不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动
语态时,须加上to。
例:
makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething
seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething
Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.
Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。
使用直接宾语(物)作主语时,要在动词后加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
Hegavemeabook.
→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.
Heshowedmeaticket.
→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.
Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.
→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.
Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.
Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.
不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):
appear,die(死亡),disappear(消失),end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
如:
Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
比较:
rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.
(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。
特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto
如:
Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
被动语态练习
一、选择题
()1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made
( )9.Look!
A nice picture ____ for our teacher.
A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn D .draws
( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.
A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn
( )11.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent
( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?
--Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known
( )14.I ____ in summer.
A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.
A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent
( )16.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to
( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us
( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump
( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put
( )21.Older people ____ well.
A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after
( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened
二、将下列句子变为被动语态,每空一词。
1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.
2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.
3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.
4. You needn't do it now. It ____ _____ _____ by you now.
5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.
A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.
6. People use metal for making machines. Metal ____ ____ for making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____ that for him.
8.I have given this book to the library. This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.
9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?
____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?
10.We'll put on an English play in our school. An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers. 12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.
13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.
14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.
15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time. 16.Did he break the window yesterday?
____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?
17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.
18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom ____ ____ every day.
19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.
20.You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.
三、 用动词的正确语态填空。
1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.
3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?
It _______________(make) of metal and wood.
6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.
7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?
8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.
10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.
11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.
12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.
13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.
14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling.
15. The cinema ______ _____ (build) in 1985.
16. The bike (must not put) here.
17. A beautiful horse (draw) by John next day.
18. This kind of machine (can made) by uncle Wang.
19. Mr. Green (open) two new school.
20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.
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