英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化真题汇编含答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)真题汇编(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.
Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?
Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?
Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.
'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.
Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.
Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?
Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."
(1)Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?
A. Itconsumeslotsoftime. B. Itinvolvesinterestingideas.
C. Itrequirescomplextechniques.
D. Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?
A. Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.
B. Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.
C. Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.
D. Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.
(3)WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?
A. Hopeful B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Ambiguous.
(4)Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Pop-science.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术,而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域,人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。
折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知,折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术,我们不用裁剪或拼贴,只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西,由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象,由此可推测ErikDemaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”;第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”;第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知卫星,安全气囊的折叠,未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人,这些都和科学技术相关,故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
InKorea,itisrudetowearshoesinsidesomeone'shousebecauseitisconsidereddirty.InSaudiArabia,youshouldnotbringfoodtosomeone'shousebecausetakingfoodordrinksuggeststhatyouthinkthehostcannotaffordthemeal.Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldaretravellingabroadtostudy,togoonvacation,ortowork,andwhileitcanbeagreatwaytolearnaboutothercultures,theremaybetimeswhentravelersaccidentallyannoytheirhost.
Thesamegesturecanhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.ThegesturemeaningOKintheUnitedStatesmeanssomethingcompletelydifferentinBrazilasEllaYaodiscovered.EllahadtravelledtoBraziltostudyandwaslivingwithahostfamily.Duringdinner,herhostaskedEllaifshewasenjoyingthemeal.Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.
WhiletravellinginThailand,ElizabethBrownlearnedthattherearedifferencesinfoodintheUnitedStatesandThailand.Shestoppedatasmall,family-ownedrestaurantinChiangMaiandorderedspringrolls.Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.Shecomplainedtotheserver.Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.
Allthesemistakescanbeavoidedwithsomeresearchonculturaldifferencesbeforeyougoabroad.However,ifyoudoaccidentallyannoysomeone,quicklyapologize,andlearnfromyourmistake.
(1)ForwhatreasondidEllamakeherhostangry?
A. Shespokewithhermouthfull.
B. Herhostmisunderstoodhergesture.
C. Shedidn'tlikethemealherhostprepared.
D. Herhostdidn'tlikeusingbodylanguage.
(2)WhathappenedtoElizabethBrowninaThairestaurant?
A. Sheateaninsect.
B. Shewasbadlytreated.
C. Shearguedwiththeserver. D. Shelearnedinsectsarewelcomethere.
(3)Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Whatmatters B. WheninRome C. Howtobepolite D. Whymakemistakes
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。
文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和OK这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化,告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗,如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第二段中Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.可知,她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示OK,但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思,所以主人生气是因为误会了她,故选B。
(2)细节理解题。
根据第三段Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.可知,昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴,故选D。
注意A项错误,文章是说Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.她发现有只昆虫在春卷里,并没有提到她吃了昆虫。
(3)主旨大意题。
本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗,并告诉我们要入乡随俗,故B项“WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo”即入乡随俗,适合作文章题目。
3.阅读理解
GuesswhatformerAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRudd,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergandUnitedStatespresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,ArabellaKushner,haveincommon?
TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.
AlthoughChineseisknownasoneofthehardestlanguagestolearn,alotofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsarestudyingitwithhopesofbigbenefits.
Nov2sawmorethan120people,comingfrom105countries,competeinthefinalsofthe12th"ChineseBridge"ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforforeignsecondaryschoolstudents.HeldinZhengzhou,Henanprovince,thefinalswasmainlymadeupofspeechcontestsandtalentshows.ThecontestantsalsovisitedtheShaolinTemple,LongmenGrottoesandotherhistoricalsitesinHenan.
WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.
Raissa,17,fromtheUnionoftheComoros,developedastrongemotionalconnectionwithChinaafterhergrandmotherwascuredbydoctorsoftheChinesemedicalteaminAfricathreeyearsago.ThisledhertolearnChineseatalocalConfuciusInstitute.
FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina."MydreamistostudymedicineinChinasothatIcouldcurepatientsliketheChinesedoctorsdid,"shesaid.
ForFeketeMarcellZoltan,17,fromtheHungarian-ChineseBilingualSchool,studyingChinesemaysecurehimafuturejobasaHungariandiplomat(外交官)toChina."Aftergraduationfromhighschool,IwouldliketofurthermystudiesinChina,"hesaid.
RobertDavis,directoroftheChinese-languageprograminChicago'spublicschoolsystem,maygiveyouahint."Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld."hetoldCGTN.
(1)WhyareMarkZuckerbergandArabellaKushnermentionedinparagraphone?
A.ToshowChineseispopular.
B.Tointroducethemtothereaders.
C.TotellthereaderstheyloveChina.
D.TostresstheimportanceoflearningChinese.
(2)TheunderlinedwordFascinatedinparagraph6canbereplacedby______.
A.Attracted
B.Employed
C.Inspected
D.Appreciated
(3)Whatisthecommonreasonforthecompetitorstolearn
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