托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总.docx

托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总.docx

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托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总

托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总

　　托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总,这些功能词要会用。

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　　托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总这些功能词要会用

　　托福写作观点的表述

　　Theauthor:

discussintroduceargueconcludesuggestrecommendproposeappeal

　　Thespeaker:

　　1.pointoutsaytell

　　2.disagreedisapproverefuterebutrejectobjecttoopposecounter

　　3.doubtquestionchallenge

　　4.citementionquotereferto

　　5.suggestputforwardillustrateshowexplain

　　托福写作反驳关联套句

　　1.Thisdirectlycontradictswhatthepassageindicates.

　　2.Thisisentirelyopposetothewriter’sexpectation.

　　3.Thisiswherethespeakerdisagreeswiththewriter.

　　4.Thiswasanotherpartwhereexperiencecontradictedtheory.

　　5.notasthepassageputsit,….

　　托福写作指代*信息的抽象名词

　　1.reasoncausebasisgroundmotivemotivation

　　2.exampleinstance

　　3.evidencedatefactproofbasisfoundation

　　4.explanationaccount

　　5.definitiondescriptionclarification

　　托福写作指代讲座信息的抽象名词

　　1.studiesresearches

　　2.findingdiscovery

　　3.alternativeexplanationtheory

　　4.counter-examplecounter-evidence

　　5.claimassertion

　　托福独立写作素材：

领导特质

　　托福写作素材:

领导特质

　　Whataresomeimportantqualitiesofagoodsupervisor（boss）?

Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainwhythesequalitiesareimportant.

　　托福独立写作范文：

　　Thequalitiesofagoodsupervisoraretoonumeroustoname.Italsodependsonthesituation.Supervisorswhoworkinanacademicsituationmayhavedifferentqualitiesfromthosewhoworkinabusinesscompany.Generallyspeaking,however,allgoodsupervisorsmusthavethequalitiesofeffectivecommunication,fairtreatment,androlemodels.

　　First,agoodsupervisorcommunicateswell.Asupervisorgivesinstructionsanddirectionstohisorhersuperviseesastowhatworktodoandhowtodoit.Theninstructionsanddirectionsmustbeclearlycommunicatedsothattheycanbefollowed.Iftheyarenotclearlyformulatedandexplained,thesuperviseesmayfeelatalossatwhytheyhavetodosomethingandhowtodoit.（Iknowofsomebodywhogetsangryeasilywhenhisemployeesfailtofollowhisinstructions.However,heoftengivesvagueinstructionsandisunwillingtoclarifyhisrequirements,whichmakesitdifficultforhissuperviseestofollowhisinstructions.）Thus,agoodsupervisoriseffectiveincommunicatinghisorherinstructionsandiswillingtoclarifythingsforhisorhersupervisees.

　　Second,agoodsupervisorshowsfairtreatmentofemployees.Thesupervisortreatsallhisorheremployeeswithequalrespectandshowsnofavoritism.Otherwise,someemployeesmayhaveasenseofunfairnessanddemonstrateperformancelessthanideal.Eventhoughthesupervisormayhaveordevelopsomepersonalfeelingsaboutorpersonalrelationshipwithanemployee,heorshedoesnotletsuchfeelingsorrelationshipaffecthisorherjudgmentandtreatmentoftheperson.Instead,thesupervisorevaluateseachemployee’sperformanceagainstthesamesetofcriteriaandrewardsorpunisheseachemployeeonthebasisofobjectiveassessment.

　　Finally,agoodsupervisorsetsanexampleforemployees.Inotherwords,agoodsupervisorsetsthestandardsforhisorheremployeesbyhisorherownbehavior.WellgoesanEnglishproverb,“Exampleisbetterthanpercept.”Agoodsupervisormustdowhatheorsherequiresthesubordinatestodo.Forexample,ifthesupervisorworkshard,itislikelythathisorheremployeeswillworkdiligentlyaswell.Likewise,ifthesupervisoralwaysgetsworkdoneontime,theemployeesmustfeelpressuredtofinishworkontime,too.Therefore,agoodsupervisoractsprofessionallyifheorsheexpectsthesuperviseestoactinaprofessionalway.

　　Inshort,themainqualitiesofagoodsupervisorareeffectivecommunication,fairtreatment,androlemodels.Mostsupervisorshaveeffectivecommunicationskillsbutsometimesforgetfairtreatmentofemployeesorfailtosetanexampleforthem.Goodsupervisorsshouldcheckthemselves,everyonceinawhile,tomakesurethattheyarepracticingthesequalities.

　　托福独立写作范文：

出国读书

　　托福独立写作题目:

出国读书

　　Manystudentschoosetoattendschoolsoruniversitiesoutsidetheirhomecounties.Whydosomestudentsstudyabroad?

Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyouranswer.

　　托福独立写作范文：

　　Studyinginone’shomecountryoffersuniquebenefits.Forexample,thehomecountryprovidesbesteducationinsomesubjectsthatothercountriesdonotoffer.However,itisimportanttostudyoverseasforatleastpartofone’shighereducation.Bystudyingabroad,studentscanacquireanewlanguage,gettoknowanotherculture,andpursuegoodprograms.

　　Themostobviousadvantageofstudyingoverseasislearninganewlanguage.Itisimportanttobebilingualorevenmultilingualnowadays.Forexample,internationalcommunicationisessentialforourglobaleconomy.FormanystudentswhochoosetostudyinEnglish-speakingcountries,theycaneasilypickupEnglishiftheyareactivelyengagedinspeakingEnglish.EvenforthosewhohavehadagoodgraspofEnglishinreadingandwriting,theycanstillimprovetheirspokenEnglishafterexposuretoanEnglish-speakingenvironment.

　　Asimportantaslearninganewlanguageisbecomingacquaintedwithanewculture.Culturesdifferfromoneanotherandtheyareevendiametricallyoppositeonsomepoints.Bystudyingoverseas,studentsbecomefamiliarwithotherwaysoflifeandlearntorespectthem.Forexample,tostudentsfromsomecultures,privacyisarelativelynewconcept.Thestudentsmaychoosetotelltheircoursegradestotheirclassmatesintheforeigncountryandaskthemforsimilarinformation.Inturn,theymayfeeldisappointedorevenshockedtoreceivenoanswerandbetoldthatthisisprivacy.Afterawhile,however,theyhaveabetterunderstandingoftheconceptofpervasiveprivacyintheforeigncountry.

　　Lastbutnotleast,weareabletoundertakeexcellentprogramsintheforeigncountrywherewechoosetostudy.Someprogramsmaynotbeavailableinthestudents’homecountry.Forexample,astudentwhoisinterestedinAmericanliteraturemayfindthatnouniversityinhisorhercountryoffersthisprogram.Otherprogramsareavailableinthestudents’homecountrybutnotonaparwithsimilarprogramsinaforeigncountry.ThiscanbeillustratedbyMBAprogramsofAmericanuniversities.AnumberofcountiesofferMBAprograms,butmanythinkthatAmericanuniversitiesofferthebestMBAprograms.ThisaccountsforthefactthatthemajorityofMBAholdershaveobtainedthedegreefromAmericanuniversities.

　　Studyingabroadcanberewarding.Notonlycanstudentsacquireanewlanguageandknowmoreaboutadifferentculture,buttheycanpursueexcellentprogramsaswell.Indeed,studyinginaforeigncountryisaworthwhileexperience.

　　托福写作备考策略之独立话题

　　1.Somestudentsprefertohavetheirfinalgradesdeterminedbynumeroussmallassignments,whereasothersprefertohavetheirgradesdeterminedbyonlyafewlargeones.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?

　　2.Aneffectiveleadertriestomakeothersfeeltheyarepartsofadecision.

　　3.Ifacityhasanamountofmoney,whichoptionlistedinthefollowingdoyouprefer?

　　Buildapublicgardentoprovidequietenvironmenttobenefitall

　　Buildasportsfieldforstudentsinhighschoolwhichdoesn’thaveitsown.

　　4.Governmenthasdoneenoughtoeducatepeopletheimportanceofabalancedlifestyleandhealthyeating.

　　5.Inthepast,peopleweremoreinterestedinimprovingtheirneighborhoodsthantheyaretoday.

　　6.Inthepast,youngpeopledependedontheirparentsformakingdecisions.Todayyoungpeoplearebetterabletomakedecisionsontheirown.

　　7.ItisbettertorelaxbywatchingTVorreadingabookthanbydoingphysicalexercises.

　　8.Weshouldstateourhonestopinionseventhoughpeoplemaydisagreewithus.

　　9.Inordertosucceedinanewjob,theabilitytoadaptoneselftothenewenvironmentismoreimportantthanexcellentknowledge.

　　10.Peoplespendtoomuchtimecommunicationthroughsocialmediaandtextmessages.

　　11.Thereisnoreasontoberudetoanotherperson.

　　12.Technologydesignedtomakepeople’slifesimplerinfactmakepeopleslifemorecomplicated.

　　13.MoviesandTVprogramsmadeinyourowncountryaremoreinterestingcomparedtomoviesandprogramsmadeinothercountries.

　　14.Itisasimportantforolderpeopletostudyandleannewthingsasitisforyoungpeople.

　　15.Toremainhappyandoptimisticwheneveryoufailismoreimportantthantoachievesuccess.

　　16.Itisimportanttoknowwhatishappeningaroundtheworld,evenifitdoesnotaffectyourpersonallife.

　　实用方法介绍

　　丨1.常用论点/理由

　　针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：

个人类（关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择）;古今类（题目中有明显的now…past…让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较）;决策类（题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也可以划为政府类，比如A/DProfessionalathletessuchasthefootballplayerandbasketballplayerdeservehighsalariesthattheyarepaid.）

　　1）个人类常用理由

　　学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..

　　工作机会、赚钱…….

　　交朋友、陪伴家人…….（合作、沟通）…….

　　品质（自信，独立，坚持，乐观）/兴趣爱好

　　身体健康、放松心情…….

　　省时间、省钱、省精力………..

　　2）古今类常用理由

　　现代社会的优点：

　　教育:

先进全面鼓励个性

　　工作：

种类丰富机会多

　　医疗：

治愈缓解更多疾病

　　技术：

网络电子产品汽车

　　公共设施：

便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮

　　法律制度：

保障个人权利

　　媒体：

揭露真相传播信息

　　人与人：

互动频繁、方便

　　经济进步：

更充裕的钱和无助

　　世界和平：

更少的战争伤亡

　　现代社会的缺点：

　　环境问题（污染，能源消耗）

　　生活压力（学习，工作）

　　欺骗敲诈

　　3）决策类常用思路

　　注：

除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：

　　1.大众individuals

　　对我们有什么用?

（放松健康省钱知识关系等等）

　　是不是我们每个人都需要的?

（大多数/小众）

　　2.相关群体relativegroups

　　题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists,athletes等等

　　3.企业companies

　　企业有钱，可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域

　　4.社会Society

　　Economy（tourism）,culture,safety,improvement…

　　丨2.对比段

　　通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写3段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出2个理由的时候，可以写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。

　　具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解

　　丨3.让步段

　　除了对比段之外，让步段也可以解决只有2个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。

　　具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解