新目标大学英语系列教材综合教程第四册 主编 刘正光 胡志雯.docx
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新目标大学英语系列教材综合教程第四册 主编 刘正光 胡志雯.docx
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新目标大学英语系列教材综合教程第四册主编刘正光胡志雯
第一单元
KeytoExercises
Text A
ReadingComprehension
1. A.
Thebackground
Good-lookingpeoplehave advantages inmanyways.
Theproblem
Whatcantherestofusdo?
Formerpractices
Tojudgeourlooks
1)byourselves,friendsorfamily
a.We’renotevencloseto objective.
b.Ouropinionisalso capricious.
2)bystrangers,e.g.,the“HotorNot”Website
Itisnotexactlythebestwayto bolsteryourself-image.
Theauthor’smajorpoint
Aninternalmakeover doesthejob:
Understandingyourown
powerful self-perceptionscanhelpyoustopobsessingoveryour
appearance---and lookbetter.
B.
Commonmyths
Argumentsfortheauthor’smajorpoint
1)Asaresultofthe
“contrastEffect”,our
self-conceptsarebuilton
thousandsofcomparisons.
a.Womenareparticularlysusceptibletothiseffect.Butasamatteroffacttheytakeadoublestandard:
anidealized
standardofbeautyintermsofphysicalattractiveness; amoremundanestandard intermsofintelligence.
b.Onewhoscoreshighon“publicself-consciousness”judgeshisorherownappearance morecritically whenself-aware.Theytendto comparethemselvesexclusivelywithverygood-lookingpeople —andfeelespeciallydownafterdoingso.
2)Apictureofourselves
builtinchildhoodishardtogetoutofourmindsin
adulthood.
a.Our “internalmirrors” areoftenshapedbyourparents.
b.There’snodirectlinebetween childhoodexperiencesandadultself-image.
C.
Onceyouletgoofthatself-consciousness,youcaninteractwithoutitgettingintheway.
2. A.
2)ouropinionofourownlooks
3)self-appraisal
4)self-image
5)self-judgment
6)self-concept
7)self-aware
8)self-consciousness
9)apictureofourselves
B.
2)asysteminsideone’sbrainthathelpsgatherdatafortheself-judgmentofone’sappearance.
3)Itreferstowhatpsychologistscallthebuilt-inhot-or-notmeter.
4)Inpsychology,itreferstothemeasuresofapersonalitytraitinpublic.
5)thepsychologicalsystemthattendstooverstateorunderstateaparticularpersonalitytrait.
ReadingandDiscussing
3.
1)Becausethesocialstatusofwomenisoftencontingentupontheirfacesandbodies,theyareparticularlysusceptibletothe“contrasteffect”.
2)Yes.Withcorrectunderstandingofyourself,youknowexactlywhatyoureallywanttodo,whatyoucando,andwhatlevelyoucanreach.Withacleargoal, strongdeterminationanddiligence,youwillsucceedoneday.
LanguageinUse
4.A.
No.
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
1
anonymity
/
anonymous
anonymously
2
liability
/
liable
/
3
susceptibility
/
susceptible
susceptibly
4
exclusiveness/exclusion
exclude
exclusive
exclusively
5
evolution
evolve
evolutionary
evolutionarily
6
adolescence
/
adolescent
/
7
exception
/
exceptional
exceptionally
8
contention
contend
contending
contendingly
9
gleam
gleam
gleamy
gleamingly
10
validation
validate
valid
/
B.
1)a.exceptionally b.exceptional
2)a.anonymous b.anonymously
3)a.validate b.validation
4)a.susceptible b.susceptibility
5)a.adolescents b.Adolescence
6)a.gleamed b.gleam
7)a.liable b.Liability
8)a.exclusive b.exclusively
5.
1)comparewith
2)zeroinon
3)arefixatedon
4)getintheway
5)inafavorablelight
6)fixmyselfup
6. A.
1)self-discipline
2)self-propelled
3)self-evident
4)self-motivated
5)self-assured
6)self-employed
7)self-critical
8)self-destruct
9)self-made
10)self-centered
11)self-abandoned
12)self-organize
B.
1)self-motivated
2)self-perceptions
3)self-evident
4)self-organize
5)self-employed
6)self-critical
7)self-made
8)self-centered
9)self-destruct
10)self-assured;self-conscious
7.
1)a.estimate b.appraise c.evaluate d.assessed
2)a.declared b.announced c.broadcast
3)a.cancelled b.withdrew c.abolished
4)a.stimulate b.motivated c.activates
5)a.synthesize b.combine c.incorporate
8.
1)……即使在同一个晚上,在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是众人瞩目的焦点,但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。
2)这叫内心重塑力:
明白自我感受的强大力量,有助于你不因外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。
3)这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时,而是一直在自发地进行着。
4)相比而言,男女在评估智商时,都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比较,而倾向采用一个更普通的标准。
5) 当有这种比较意识时,如在同事面前做一个展示时,人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。
9.
Researchhasshownthatinbothsexesandacrossnumerouscultures,especiallyfromadolescence,good-lookingpeopleareoftenevaluatedtobeoneswithexceptionalpersonalitytraits.Whyshouldthisbeso?
Somepeoplehaveperceivedthatsinceitispleasurabletomeetsomeonewithattractivephysicalappearanceandsomeonewithgoodmoralcharacter,weautomaticallymixthemup.Butthisstatementdoesnotseemtobeobjective.ThestudiesbyDr.SampoPaunonenoftheUniversityofWesternOntariorevealthatpeoplewhoweredescribedasbeingmorehonestwereratedasmorelikable,andthemorelikable,themorephysicallyattractive.
TextB
ReadingComprehension
1.
Main
ideaofTextB
Topicofeachpart
Factsoropinions
Mental
imagingwould
helpyoubea
winner.
Paras.1-3Mental
imaginghelps
Garfieldsucceed.
a.GarfieldlearnedanewwaytoboostperformanceinMilan.(F)
b.Garfieldsucceededwiththatnewway.(F)
c.WhatGarfielddidwasimaging.(O/F)
Paras.4-8Successfulpeopleinmanyfieldsuseimaging.
a.IraSharliprunsa“motionpicture”oftheprocedureinhismindthenightbeforeadifficultoperation.(F)
b.Professionalathleteshavebeenvisualizingfordecadesandswear
byit.(F)
c.BothBillBatesandgolferJackNicklauspracticementally.(F)
d.Garfieldhasconductedresearchonbusinessleaders'mental
imaging.(F)
Paras.9-15Thewaysinwhichwecanput
thispowerfultooltowork.
a.Adetailedmentalimageofsuccessismorethanjustwishful
thinking.(F/O)
b.Thoughithelps,imagingisn'tasubstituteforactionbuta
supplementtoit.(F/O)
c.Thereareseveralwaystoputmentalimagingtowork:
torelax,to
getintherightmood,toapplyitineverydaybusinessconcerns,not
toexpectinstantresults,andnottofretifyourimagesaren'tclear.
(F/O)
Para.16Thereason
whymentalrehearsalworksisstillunclear.
Nobodyknowspreciselywhymentalrehearsalworks,butthosewhoputittouseareconvinceditdoes.(F)
LanguageinUse
2.
1)a.rehearsing b.rehearsals
2)a.visualization b.visualize
3)a.ignition b.ignited
4)a.endeavor b.endeavor
5)a.initiate b.initial
3.
A.1)abideby 2)standby
3)stuckby 4)swearsby
B.1)puttodeath 2)puttothetest
3)puttowork 4)puttouse
4.
1)他说:
“每次挥杆前,我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过程。
”
2)问题的关键是真正去做一件事。
3)加菲尔德说,心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做演讲、参与会面等日常业务问题中。
4)《创意想象》一书的作者沙克蒂•高文说:
“最重要的是让创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分。
”
5)还有,如果意象不清晰,你不要着急。
Writing
Exercise1
1)Forthepasttwoyears,noorderhasbeengiventous.
2)Weareafraidthatwecannotcomplywithyourrequest.
3)Wouldyoupleasecompareourgoodswiththoseofotherfirms?
4)Wehopeyouwilleffectafullstatementofourclaim.
5)Werequestyourimmediatepayment.
6)Wepresumethattheremustbesomereasonforyourhavingtroublewiththisdelivery.
7)Wewillbegladtorefundwhenreturneditemsarecleanandresalable.
8)WewouldliketomakeitclearthatweonlyacceptL/Cforfurthertransactions.
第二单元
ListeningandSpeaking
1.
About10,000yearsago,manassumedthe1) habitofliving inmoreorlesspermanentsettlements,andhisrelationshipstotheanimalworldbegantoundergo2) profoundchanges.Atthesametime,greatclimaticchanges,andperhaps3) humanactivities aswell,hadreducedmanylargermammalianspecies,especiallythoseusedasfood,toverysmallpopulations.Major4) extinctionevents begantooccur.Inresponsetodwindlingandunreliableresources,5) humanagriculturaltechnology developed.Humansbegantomovefromhunter/gathermodetoamodeofactively6) domesticating plantsandanimalsforfoodresources.Thesecondgreatsurgeinhumanprogresswithitsensuingincreaseinpopulationoccurredwhenmanlearnedhowto7) cultivateplants andtameanddomesticateanimalsatlevelsthatallowedforthedevelopmentoflargersettlements.Humanplantgatheringactivitieshadledto8) intimateknowledge ofplantproductivitycycles,andhumanhuntersundoubtedlyhadoftentakenyoungcanineanimalsintotheircampsaspetsandcompanions.Theywouldhavebecome9) familiarwith theanimalgrowthandbreedingcycles,diseasesandbehaviorsoftheseyounganimals.Theanimalswouldhavebenefitedfromtheavailabilityoffoodandshelter.Itseemssafetospeculatethattheywouldhavebondedandgrewtobehuntingassistantstotheir10) humancompanions astheywouldhaveintheprogenitor’spack.
2.Tips
∙Endangeredanimalsareanimalsthatareindangerofbecomingextinct.Animalsareidentifiedasbeingendangeredeitherbecausetherearealreadytoofewofthemlivinginthewild,orevenincaptivity;orbecausetheircontinuedexistenceisthreatenedbyachangingenvironmentwhichresultsinthemlosingaccesstoadequatefoodorlivingconditions.Thewaytounderstandwhatismeantby“toofew”isthattheirreproductiveratesarelowerthantheirmortalityrates.
∙Theindustrializationofhumansocietiesandtheglobalizationofthehumanculturehaveresultedindramaticenvironmentalchangesinthepasttwocenturies.Thesechangeshavebeentoofastfortoomanyoftheearth’screaturestosurvive.Althoughmanyanimalshavebeenendangeredthroughtheages,thethreattoanimalsisgreaternowthaneverbefore.
TextA
ReadingComprehension
1.
A.
Theinterviewee’spersonalinformation
JaneGoodall,76yearsold,isaworld-famousprimatologist.
He
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