人教版必修一第4讲Unit2English around the world语法教师版.docx
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人教版必修一第4讲Unit2English around the world语法教师版.docx
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人教版必修一第4讲Unit2Englisharoundtheworld语法教师版
Unit2Englisharoundtheworld-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法
(2)-请求与命令
直接引语与间接引语的用法
(二)
直接引语是祈使句
当直接引语是祈使句||,变为间接引语要用“tellsb.(not)todosth.”结构。
Theteachersaidtohermother||,“Pleasegivemethebook.”
→Theteachertoldhermothertogiveherthebook.
巧记:
去掉引号要加to||;ask||,order须记住||,直引若是否定式||,not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时||,要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式||,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词||,如果祈使句为否定式||,在不定式的前面加not。
如果祈使句中有please一词||,改为间接引语时||,就将please去掉。
成为:
told(asked||,ordered||,warned)someone(not)todosomething结构。
1Hesaid||,“Sitdown||,please.”他说:
“请坐。
”
→Heaskedmetositdown.他让我坐下。
2Theteachersaid||,“Don’ttalkinclass!
”老师说:
“上课不要讲话!
”
→Theteachertoldusnottotalkinclass!
老师要我们上课不要讲话。
3Thecaptainsaidtohismen||,“Fire!
”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火!
”
→Thecaptainorderedhismentofire.上尉命令他的士兵们开火!
4Thepolicemansaidtothechildren||,“Don’tplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.”警察对孩子们说:
“别在马路中间踢足球。
”
→Thepolicemanwarnedthechildrennottoplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.
警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。
在直接引语中变间接引语中指示代词、时间状语和地点状语要有些变化
指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表:
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this/these
that/those
时间状语
now
then
today
thatday
tonight
thatnight
thisweek(month…)
thatweek(month…)
yesterday
thedaybefore
lastweek(month…)
theweek(month…)before
twoweeks(month)ago
twoweeks(months)before
tomorrow
thenextday
nextweek(month…)
thenextweek(month…)
地点状语
here
there
动 词
come
go
bring
take
1.Hesaid||,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.”他说:
“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。
”
HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
2.Hesaid||,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”他说:
“我们昨天去电影院了。
”
Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他说前一天他们去电影院了。
3.Lilysaid||,“Iwillcomebacknextmonth.”莉莉说:
“我下个月回来。
”
Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
4.Hesaid||,“Itisnineo'clocknow.”他说:
“现在九点了。
”
Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他说那时九点了。
5.Hesaid||,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”他说:
“今天我没见到她。
”
Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.他说那天他没有见到她。
6.Shesaid||,“Iwentthereyesterday.”她说:
“昨天我去了那儿。
”
Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她说前一天她去了那儿。
7.Shesaid||,“I'llgotheretomorrow.”她说:
“明天我将去那儿。
”
Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她说第二天她将去那儿。
8.Hesaid||,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他说:
“三天前我妹妹在这儿。
”
Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。
(here→there||;ago→before)
9.Shesaid||,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她说:
“今晚我将来这儿。
”
Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
(come→go||;here→there||;this→that)
以上这些变化||,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定||,不可机械照搬。
如果就在当地转述||,here就不必改为there||,come也不必改为go||,如果就在当天转述||,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用||,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。
①Fathersaid||,“Iamfreethisafternoon”父亲说:
“我今天下午有空。
”
→Fathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父亲说他今天下午有空。
②Hesaid||,“Iamgoingtheretomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。
”
Hesaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他说他明天去那里。
巧记:
当直接引语为陈述句||,主句为过去时||,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:
去掉引号加that||,人称变化要灵活||,时态向后退一步||,状语变化按规定。
Shesaid||,”Mybrotherdoesn’dwanttogothere.”
→Shesaidthatherbrotherdidn’twanttocomehere.
例1.-Hesaidtohisyoungsister||,“Youmaycomewithme.”(改为间接引语)
-Hetoldhisyoungsisterthat________withhim.
A. youmaycome B.youmightgo C.shemightcome D. shemightgo
解析:
本题考查直接引语变为间接引语||,引语中的时态为一般现在时||,所以在间接引语中要用一般过去时||,所以may要改为might。
在引语中主语为第二人称“you”要与主句中的宾语保持一致||,所以要改为“she”。
由此可知本题答案。
答案:
C
例2.–Hesaid||,“Ilivehere”.
–Hesaidthathelived_____.
A.there B.here C.inthere D.atthere
解析:
本题考查直接引语变为间接引语。
地点状语要发生改变相应的变化||,地点状语here||,要改为there.
答案:
A
例3.Mothersaidthat_______woulddoallwashingherself.
A.she B.her C.we D.I
解析:
根据从句中的herself可知||,此处转述妈妈自己的情况||,所以要用she。
例4(2019·北京).I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
解析:
句意:
我很相信美丽源自于内心!
本题考查宾语从句。
从句部分不缺少任何成分||,因此用that起到连接作用||,也可以省略。
从句部分不缺少任何成分||,因此用that起到连接作用||,也可以省略。
故选A。
例5(2019·天津) _______I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B.WhichC.Whether D.What
答案 D
解析 考查名词性从句。
what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。
that引导主语从句但不作任何成分||;which表示哪一个||;whether表示是否。
基础演练
一.单项选择。
()1.(2019·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe||, but that’s not ______ ships are built
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
() 2.(2019·重庆)We must find out ____ Karl is coming||, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
()3.(2019·四川)8.The exhibition tells us__________we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
()4.Yesterdayshetoldmethatshehadmetheraunt___________.
A.fortwoyearsB.twoyearsbeforeC.twoyearsagoD.beforetwoyears
()5.Theteachertoldmethatthelight______fasterthansound.
A.travelsB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.traveled
()6.Shesaidshe________heresoon.
A.willgoB.wouldcomeC.willcomeD.wouldgo
()7.Heaskedme______Iboughtthedictionary.Itoldhimthatmybrothergaveittomeasapresent.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
()8.He_______ustohaveanothertry.
A.warnedB.hopedC.suggestedD.asked
()9.Mothersaidthat_______woulddoallwashingherself.
A.sheB.herC.ID.we
()10.“_______politetotheguests||,”saidmyfather.
A.AreB.DobeC.ShouldD.Please
()11.Hetoldmethatshehadmetoneofmyoldfriendsinthestreet________.
A.thenextdayB.thefollowingdayC.thedaybeforeD.yesterday
()12.Iwastoldthatthesinger_______in1978.
A.wasbornB.hadbeenbornC.hadbornD.isborn
KEYS:
1-5AABBA6-10BDDAB11-12CA
巩固提高
二.将下列句子改为间接引语。
1.“Gotothefrontatonce!
”theofficersaidtothesoldiers.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Theteachersaidtohisclass||,“Don’twasteyourtime!
”
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.Shesaidtoherson||,“Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!
”
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.Hisfathersaidtohim||,“Thinkbeforeyoudoit!
”
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.Theteachersaidtohisstudents||,“Tellbrieflyinyourownwordshowpenicillinwasdiscovered.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________
KEYS:
1.Theofficerorderedthesoldierstogotothefrontatonce.
2.The teacher told his classnot to waste their time
3.She told her son not to forget to turn off the light when heleft the room.
4.His father told him to think before hedid it.
5.Theteachertoldhisstudentstotellbrieflyintheirownwordshowpenicillinhadbeendiscovered.
一.单项选择。
1.Heasked________forthecomputer.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?
”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.
A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilm
C.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm
3.“Pleaseclosethewindow||,”hesaidtome.
→He______me_____thewindow.
A.saidto||;tocloseB.toldto||;closingC.asked||;tocloseD.saidto||;pleaseclose
4.Iamateacher||,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.
A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher
5.Hesaid||,“Mother||,theboyisverynaughty.”→He_____-verynaughty.
A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyis
C.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas
6.“You’vealreadygotwell||,haven’tyou?
”sheasked.→Sheasked________.
A.ifIhavealreadygotwell||,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwell
C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.
KEYS:
DDCDCB
一.将直接引语变成间接引语
1.Hesaid:
“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Shesaid:
“Hewillbebusy.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.ShesaidtoTom||,“Canyouhelpme?
”
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.Sheasked||,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?
”
______________________________________________________________________________________
5.Theteacherasked||,“howdidyourepairit?
”
______________________________________________________________________________________
6.Theteachersaidtothestudents||,“Don’twasteyourtime.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
7.Themothersaid||,“Tom||,getupearly||,please.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
8.Theteachersaid||,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
9.Myfathersaid||,“Practicemakesperfect.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
10.Theboysaidtous||,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
Key:
1.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.
2.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.
3.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.
4.Sheasked
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