大学英语单词总结.docx
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大学英语单词总结.docx
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大学英语单词总结
Unit1.UsefulExpressions
1.骄兵必败pridecomesbeforeafall
2.战无不胜nothingcouldstandintheirway
3.奋勇抵抗fierceresistance
4.阴冷凄苦的俄罗斯寒冬araw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter
5.堪称无敌beunequaled
6.向…发动进攻launchanattackagainst…
7.痛苦的教训apainfullesson
8.速决速胜aquick,decisivevictory
9.让某人吃惊的是tosb.'ssurprise
10.面临着一个重要抉择befacedwithacrucialdecision
11.孤注一掷takethegamble
12.激战fiercebattle
13.向…提出停战offeratruceto
14.等待时机bideone’stime
15.成为一场噩梦turnintoanightmare
16.拖着脚步行进dragon
17.溃不成军的幸存者thetatteredsurvivors
18.不宣而战withoutadeclarationofwar
19.闪电式战略lightningwar
20.“焦土”政策“scorchtheearth”
21.处境变得危急thesituationbecomesdesperate
22.食品匮乏foodrunsout
23.死于饥饿与疾病diefromhungeranddisease
24.食品和补给的匮乏alackoffoodandsupplies
Unit2UsefulExpressions
计算机革命thecomputerrevolution
制造业manufacturingindustry
长途司机long-distancedriver
被严重低估begrosslyunderestimated
威胁生命的重大隐患life-threateninghazard
解决问题curetheproblem
积极的影响apositiveimpact
与无线电信号调谐betunedtoradiosignals
在任何一个特定时间atanygiventime
量子理论法则thelawsofthequantumtheory
精确的频率precisefrequency
发出无线电信号sendoutaradiosignal
换算出beconvertedinto
导航能力navigationalcapability
几乎无限virtuallylimitless
手杖walkingsticks
遥控remotecontrol
潜在的应用potentialuse/application
要求callfor
完全控制takecompletecontrolof
被编成组bebunchedintogroups
一齐行驶travelinunion
对环保有利environmentalboon
第二单元
WordsandExpressions
lucrative:
adj.producingmuchmoney;profitable
(=Thisisalucrativebusiness.)
我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意,赚了些钱。
(=WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.)
manufacture:
vt.
1)makegoodsonalargescaleusingmachinery
*Thisfirmmanufacturescars.
在工厂制造产品
(=tomanufacturegoodsinafactory)
2)invent;makeup
*You’llhavetomanufacturesomekindofexcuse.
她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。
(=Shemanufacturedafalsestorytohidethefacts.)
CF:
manufacture&make
这两个词都是动词,都有制造之意。
manufacture使用范围较窄,既可指通过使用工业机械,亦指粗制滥造以一种机械的方式创作、制作或完成。
例如:
*Hisbooksseemtohavebeenmanufacturedratherthancomposed.他的作品像是被机器加工出的,而不是创作的。
make通用且非正式,可用于所有的制造过程。
例如:
*Hemadeamodelplaneoutofwood.他用木头做了一架模型飞机。
approximately:
adv.moreorlessexactly
(=Thecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:
45a.m.)
approximate:
adj.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelyso
*Theapproximatenumberofdemonstratorsinfrontofthemunicipalofficebuildingwas900.
大概的时间是三点钟。
(=Theapproximatetimeisthreeo'clock.)
eliminate:
vt.remove,esp.sb./sth.thatisnotwantedorneeded;getridof
*Thepolicehaveeliminatedalltheothersuspects.
她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。
(=Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingrace.)
Pattern:
eliminatesth.fromsth.
*Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?
intheair:
intheearth’satmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecided
*Thereisastrangesmellintheair.
(=Hundredsofbirdssuddenlyroseintheair.)
我们的计划尚未确定。
(=Ourplansarestillintheair.)
startup:
beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.
*Putthekeyintheignitionandturnittostartthecarup.
玛丽发动引擎,向她的家乡驶去。
(=Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.)
alert:
1.vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.
Pattern:
alertsb.tosth.
*Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.
警察警告我有危险。
(=Thepolicemanalertedmetothedanger.)
2.adj.attentive;watchful
Pattern:
bealerttodanger
*Thesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.
CF:
alert&attentive
alert指思维敏捷而高度集中,注视着可能发生的事件,尤其是危险的、恐怖的事件,并迅速做出反应。
例如:
*Ahunting-dogmustbealert.猎犬必须很机警。
*Theguardswerealerttoanydanger.哨兵警惕着一切危险的情况。
attentive强调能够把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。
例如:
*Iwishyouwouldbemoreattentivetowhatyourteacherhastoldyou.希望你能多注意老师对你说的话。
*Hewasabsolutelyattentivetoresearchintothecauseofcancer.他专心致志研究癌症的起因。
3.n.aconditionorperiodofheightenedwatchfulnessorpreparationforaction
Pattern:
onthealert
*Thehuntersareonthealertforwolves.
prototype:
n.thefirstmodelordesignofsth.fromwhichotherformsarecopiedordeveloped
*prototypeequipment
*prototypemachine
*prototypemodel
NB:
proto-前缀,表示“最初的,原始的”
例:
protocluster原星团(cluster丛)
protogalaxy原星系(galaxy星系,银河)
protovirus原始病毒(virus病毒)
monotonous:
adj.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring
(=Theteacher’svoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.)
我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。
(=Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.)
hazard:
n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorrisk
*Therearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.
穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。
(=TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.)
Collocation:
atallhazards不顾一切风险;在任何情况下
inhazard在危险中,受到威胁
byhazard偶然,碰运气
beonthehazard在危险中
vibrate:
v.(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake
(=Tom’sheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.)
*Thehammersstrikethepianostringsandvibratethem.
当司机发动了发动机时,公共汽车颤动着。
(=Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.)
frequency:
n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredoveraparticularperiodoftime
*Accidentsarehappeningwithincreasingfrequency.
*Thisradiosignalhasafrequencyof800,000cyclespersecond.
科学家正试图计算出这个地区地震发生的频率。
(=Thescientistsaretryingtocalculatethefrequencyofearthquakeinthisdistrict.)
convert:
v.changefromoneformorusetoanother
Pattern:
convertsth.to/intosth.
*IwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.
(=Coalcanbeconvertedtogas.)
那座楼房改成学校了。
(=Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.)
correlate:
vt.haveamutualrelationshiporconnection,inwhichonethingaffectsordependsonanother
*Researchworkersfindithardtocorrelatethetwosetsoffigures.
*Smokingandlungcancerarecloselycorrelated.
Pattern:
correlatesth.withsth.
*Theyaretryingtofindoutifthesebehaviorpatternscorrelatewithparticularchangesindiet.
把理论与实践联系起来
(=correlatethetheorywithpractice)
drastically:
adv.inadrasticway
drastic:
adj.havingastrongorviolenteffect
*Drasticmeasuresareneededtoimprovetheperformanceofthecompany.
法国革命带来剧烈的社会变动。
(=TheFrenchRevolutionbroughtaboutdrasticsocialchanges.)
application:
n.theactionoraninstanceofputtingatheory,discovery,etctopracticaluse
*Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.
这项新发明的应用将给公司带来巨大的利润。
(=Theapplicationofthenewinventionwillbringgreatprofitstothecompany.)
bepoisedtodo:
bereadytotakeactionatanymoment
(=ItisreportedthatU.S.forcesarepoisedtoattackIraq.)
*Theautomobilecompanyispoisedtolaunchitsnewadvertisingcampaign.
mount:
v.fix(sth.)inpositionforuse,displayorstudy;put(sth.)intoplaceonasupport
*Mountingtheengineinthiswaywasinimprovement.
*Shemountedthephotographonthebackofherdiarybook.
她把照片裱贴在她的日记本上。
magnetic:
adj.
1)havingthepropertiesofamagnet
(=Theironhaslostitsmagneticforce.)
*Cottonisnotmagnetic.
2)havinganunusualpowerorabilitytoattract
*Hehasmagneticpersonality.
他有吸引人的个性。
takecontrolof:
control
*Thenewmanagerdidn’tknowhowtotakecontrolofhiscompany.
(=Thegovernmenthastakencontrolofallthenewspapers.)
bunch:
1.v.grouptogether(bothactiveandpassive)
*Thecaptaintoldtheplayersnottobunchtogether.
*Thechildrenwereallbunchedtogetherinthecorneroftheroom.
我们聚在火炉周围取暖。
(=Webunchedaroundthefireforwarmth.)
2.n.agroupofitemsorindividualsgatheredorplacedtogether
*abunchofgrapes
*abunchofkeys
*abunchofflowers
incorporate:
vt.make(sth.)partofawhole
*Hisnewlypublishedbookincorporateshisearlieressay.
他成为该大学的一员。
(=Hewasincorporatedamemberofthecollege.)
我们将把你的建议编到新计划中去。
(=Wewillincorporateyoursuggestioninthenewplan.)
decrease:
v.becomeormakesth.smallerorfewer
(=Theyaremakingfurthereffortstodecreasemilitaryspending.)
今年在校的儿童人数减少了。
(=Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.)
Opposite:
increase
CF:
decrease,reduce&lessen
这几个词都是动词,都有“减少”之意。
decrease一词使用广泛,特指数量的减少。
例如:
*Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsdecreasedlastyear.去年交通事故的数量减少了。
*Waterconsumptionhadtodecreasetoavoidadrought.水的消费量必须减少,以避免水荒。
reduce词义很广。
既可指大小、数量、范围或程度的缩小,也可指等级、地位或经济状况的下降。
例如:
*Theyreducedthesizeoftheapparatusbytwo-thirds.他们把该装置的体积缩小了三分之二。
*Thishasgreatlyreducedthethreatpresentedbytyphoons.这大大减少了台风造成的威胁。
(插入图片reduce)
lessen是比较正式的用词,用于客观地表示程度、价值或数量的减少,而不带任何偏见。
例如:
*Productioninthetextileindustryhasalsolessenedsharply.纺织工业的产量也已急剧下降。
*Thevalueofmoneylessensduringinflation.通货膨胀时货币贬值。
24.(L.80)expansion:
n.theprocessofbecominggreaterinsize,extentorimportance
*Underheat,themetalundergoesconsiderableexpansion.
*Hisbookisanexpansionoftheplayhewrotebefore.
这些是扩大我们学校建筑的计划。
(=Theseareplansfortheexpansionofourschoolbuilding.)
第三单元
WordsandExpressions:
interview:
1.n.
1)ameetingwhereapersonisaskedquestionstodecidewhetherhecantakeupajob
*Whenshewasstillatschool,shehadherfirstinterview,forapart-timejobinarestaurant.
2)ameetingwhereapersonisaskedquestionstofindouthis/heractions,opinions,etc.
*Thefilmstaragreedwillinglytogiveaninterviewimmediatelyafterhiswedding.
2.v.
1)holdaninterviewwith(someone)
*他正在接受一地方电视台对他关于失业率的采访。
(=Hewasbeinginte
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