英文翻译2.docx
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英文翻译2.docx
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英文翻译2
外文翻译
Chapter2Researchandrotatingmachineryfaultvibrationfaultdiagnosisofcommon.
Rotatingmachineryarethosemainfunctionistobecompletedbytherotarymovementofmechanicalequipment,suchassteamturbines,gasturbines,generators,motors,centrifugalblowers,centrifugalcompressorpumps,vacuumpumpsandavarietyofslowgrowthofthegearsandothermachineryequipment,allbelongtothescopeofrotatingmachinery.Rotatingmachineryistheapplicationofmachineryandequipmentmostwidespread,thenumberofthelargestandmostrepresentativeoneofmachineryandequipment,especiallyinelectricpower,petrochemical,metallurgy,machinery,aviation,nuclearindustryandotherindustries,rotatingmachineryisasignificantshareanimportantposition.
2.1ClassificationofRotatingMachineryVibration
Rotatingmachineryvibrationfailurewasclassifiedasamajorformoffailure,accordingtodifferentclassificationmethods,avarietymaybeasfollows
1.Byvibrationfrequencyclassification
(1)Vibrationfrequency;
(2)Harmonicvibration,forexample,twooctave,3octavevibration;
(3)Theentirebasebandfrequencyscores(suchas1/2,1/3,etc.)ofthevibration;
(4)Frequencyandbasebandintotherelationshipbetweenacertainpercentages(eg38%~49%)ofthevibration;
(5)ultra-low-frequency(vibrationfrequency5Hzbelow)vibration;
(6)Ultra-highfrequency(vibrationfrequencyin10kHzandabove)Vibration
2.Amplitudedirectionaccordingtoclassification
(1)Diameter(horizontal)tothevibrationthatisthedirectionalongtheshaftdiameterofthevibrationisgenerallydividedintohorizontalvibrationstraightvibration.
(2)Axialvibration,thatis,thedirectionalongtheaxisofvibrationcutting;
(3)Tensionalvibration,thatis,thevibrationalongtheshaftrotationdirection.
3.byvibrationofthereasonsforclassification
(1)Thevibrationcausedbyrotorimbalance;
(2)Shaftmisalignmentcausedbyvibration;
(3)Slidingbearingandcrankshaftvibrationcausedbyeccentricity;
(4)Themachinepartscausedbyloosevibration;
(5)Friction(suchassealfriction,therotorandthestatorfriction,etc.)causedbyvibration;
(6)Bearingdamagecausedbyvibration;
(7)Slidingbearingoilwhirlsandoilwhipcausedbyvibration;
(8)Airpowerandhydraulicvibrationcausedbyfactorssuchas;
(9)Bearingstiffnessasymmetrycausedbyvibration;
(10)Electricalaspectsofthereasonsforthevibrationcausedby
4.Vibrationoccurredbythesiteclassification
(1)Rotororshaft(includingthejournal,shaftprofilevane,etc.)vibration;
(2)Bearings(includingthefilmslidingbearingsandrollingbearing)vibration;
(3)Shell,bearingvibration;
(4)Infrastructure(includingaircraftseats,table,orbracket,etc.)vibration;
(5)Otherareassuchasvalves,pipestem,andavarietyofstructuralvibration,etc.
Inaddition,ifaccordingtothecharacteristicsandformsofvibration,butalsoseparationofsynchronousvibrations(forcedvibration)andsub-synchronous(self-excitedvibration),etc...Duetovibrationscausedbythefailureofitsmanifestationsarediverse,inordertoaccuratelyidentifiedthecausefailurescause-generallyspeaking,havetorelyonsignalprocessingtechniquesandvibrationtheory,andothermodernmethodsandmeanstoconductacomprehensiveandintegratedanalysisandinaccordancewiththegradualaccumulationofexperienceinthespecificcircumstances,theonlywaytoachievefaultdiagnosissuccess.Failureofrotatingmachineryandthereforemustbecharacterizedbyresearch.
2.2Thecharacteristicsofrotatingmachineryfault
Theimplementationoffaultinthedynamicmonitoringofrotatingmachinery,wemustpayattentiontootherfeatures:
2.2.1RotorFeatures
Therotorcomponentisthecoreofrotatingmachineryandequipment,whichisfixedbytheshaftandtheinstallationofvarioustypesofcirculardiscoidcomponents(suchascoupling,bearings,impeller,gear,balancedisk,pulley,wheel,flywheel,etc.),formed.Astheentirerotorinhigh-speedrotationmovements,soitsmanufacture,installation,commissioning,maintenanceandmanagementhaveaveryhighdemand.Ifyouhadproblemswithoneofthesecomponents,orinconnectionwithachangeinpartanexceptionoccurred,theyimmediatelydrewastrongvibrationunit.Itcanbesaidofdynamicmonitoringrotatingmachinerymonitoringanddiagnosisismainlytherotorstateofmotion.
2.2.2Thefrequencycharacteristicsofrotatingmachineryvibration
Mostofrotatingmachineryvibrationsignalsisperiodicsignals,quasi-periodicsignal,orastationaryrandomsignal.Failureofrotatingmachineryvibrationcharacteristicshaveacommonpoint,namely,thefailureoftheircharacteristicfrequencyrelatedwiththerotorspeedisequaltotherotorrotationfrequency(referredtoastransferfrequency,alsoknownasfrequency)anditsoctaveorsub-frequency.Therefore,theanalysisofvibrationsignalsofthefrequencyandturntherelationshipbetweenthefrequenciesofrotatingmachineryfaultdiagnosisofakey.
2.2.3forrotatingmachineryvibrationmonitoringthemainway
Vibrationsignalanalysisisthebasicmethodformonitoringrotatingmachinery,themainthree-prongedapproachtoobtainmonitoringinformation
1.Analysisofrotatingmachineryvibrationfrequencyofeachtypeoffaulthasitsowncharacteristicfrequencyatthescenetomakethefrequencyofthevibrationsignalanalysisisthediagnosisofrotatingmachineryofthemosteffectivemethod.Frequencyspeedofrotatingmachineryislikea"militarydemarcationline,"theentirebandisdividedintosub-andsuper-asynchronousasynchronousvibrationfrequencyofvibrationoftwosections,toseizethispoint,helpsustoanalyzeandjudgethefault
2.Analysisofamplitudeanddirectionoffeaturesinsomecases(certainlynotalloccasions)differenttypesofrotatingmachineryfaultvibrationontheperformancecharacteristicsofacleardirection.Therefore,thevibrationofrotatingmachinerymeasurements,aslongasconditionspermit,thegeneralmeasureofeachmeasuringpointshouldbehorizontal,verticalandaxialthreedirections,asindifferentdirectionstoprovideuswithadifferentfaultinformation.Leakagemeasuredinonedirection,youmayloseamessage.
3.Analysisoftherelationshipbetweentheamplitudechangeswiththespeedofaconsiderableportionofrotatingmachineryfaultvibrationamplitudeandspeedchangesarecloselyrelated,soon-sitemeasurements,whennecessary,tocreateconditionsforasmuchaspossible,intheprocessofchangingthespeedamplitudemeasurementofthemachinevalue.
2.3RotatingMachineryVibrationFaultDiagnosis
Asmentionedearlier,equipmentfaultdiagnosisisessentiallyapatternclassificationarebasedontestanalysisobtainedonthestateinformation,andgroupedintoacertaintypeofequipmentfailure.Therefore,thecharacteristicsofeachtypeoffaultmusthavesufficientunderstanding.Equipmentdiagnosticsdevelopmenttoday,thepeoplethroughalargenumberofexperimentalstudiesandawiderangeofdiagnosticpractice,foravarietyofdevices(especiallyrotatingmachinery)ofthefailuremechanism,faulttypeanditscharacteristicshaveaconsiderableunderstandingofunderstanding.Statisticsshowthat,withtheproductionofadifferentnature,thetypeofequipmentusedisalsodifferent,sotheproportionofvarioustypesoffailuresisalsoinconsistent.Hereareseveralcommonfaultdiagnosisofrotatingmachineryvibrationcharacteristics,diagnosticmethodsandexamples.
2.3.1Imbalance
Accordingtotheinformationthatvarioustypesofrotatingmachineryfailureduetoimbalanceofabout30%,wecanseethatthemachinerotorimbalancecausedbyrotatingmachineryvibrationisacommonmultiplefaults.Tofullyunderstandandgraspthecharacteristicsandmechanismofunbalancedfaultdiagnosisisveryimportant.
1.Thecausesofimbalancescausedbyrotorimbalancearemanyreasons,suchas:
①unreasonablebecauseitisdesignedgeometrycausedbydifferentheart,ordeviatefromthegeometriccenterlineofrotaryvalveshaft;
②Manufacture,installationerror;
③Rotormaterialuneven,orheatunevenly;
④Rotorinitialbending;
⑤Workmediuminthesolidimpuritiesintherotorontheunevendeposition;
⑥Rotorinthecourseofcorrosion,wearandtear;
⑦Rotorpartsloose,falloff.
2.Rotorimbalancemayleadtoconsequencesfortheflexiblerotormayalsogenerateadditionaldegreeofdamageduetodynamicinertiaofthecentrifugalforcecausedbyimbalance.Forvariousreasonscausedbyrotorunbalancefaultisabasicallythesamepattern.Tosumup,therotorimbalancemayleadtothefollowingundesirableconsequences:
(1)Therotorcausedbyrepeatedbendingandinternalstress,causingtherotorfatigue,evenleadtorotorfault;
(2)Toenablethemachineinoperationduringtheexcessivevibrationandnoise,sothatitwillacceleratethewearofbearingsandothercomponentstoreducelifeexpectancyandefficiencyofthemachine;
(3)Throughthevibrationoftherotorbearings,machinetransmitstothebaseblocksandbuildings,resultingindeteriorationinworkingconditions.
3.Rotorimbalancegenerallyincludethefollowingfourcases
(1)Staticunbalance;
(2)double-sidedimbalances;
(3)Staticanddynamicimbalance;
(4)Dynamicimbalance.forexample:
2-1:
Amongthem,staticimbalanceisanimbalanceinthecrosssection,whiletheremainingthreekindsofimbalanceisanimbalanceonthenumberofsections,andeachinspiredbyacross-sectionduetoimbalancesinthelateralvibrationandstaticunbalanceisthesameasthemechanismof.Inotherwords
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