考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案
2011年考研英语一真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA],B],C]orD]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.
__1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinflueneeonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes
__2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3_heartrateandoxygen
consumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5benefits
theway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter__8muscles,decreasingmuscletone
45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividual
__11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwas
arguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhen
thetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evideneesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15muscular
responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwrzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmileorwith
theirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallyto
funnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmay
influeneeemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.A]amongB]exceptC]despiteD]like
2.A]reflectB]demandC]indicateD]produce
3.A]stabilizingB]boostingC]impairingD]determining
4.A]transmitB]sustainC]evaluateD]observe
5.A]measurableB]manageableC]affordableD]renewable
6.A]InturnB]InfactC]InadditionD]Inbrief
7.A]oppositeB]impossibleC]averageD]expected
8.A]hardensB]weakensC]tightensD]relaxes
9.A]aggravateB]generateC]moderateD]enhance
10.A]physicalB]mentalC]subconsciousD]internal
11.A]ExceptforB]AccordingtoC]DuetoD]Asfor
12.A]withB]onC]inD]at
13.A]unlessB]untilC]ifD]because
14.A]exhaustsB]followsC]precedesD]suppresses
15.A]intoB]fromC]towardsD]beyond
16.A]fetchB]biteC]pickD]hold
17.A]disappointedB]excitedC]joyfulD]indifferent
18.A]adaptedB]cateredC]turnedD]reacted
19.A]suggestingB]requiringC]mentioningD]supposing
20.A]EventuallyB]ConsequentlyC]SimilarlyD]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA],B],C]orD].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wrotseoAbnetrh-soidneydTommas
classical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“
musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicd
orchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe
timeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidesprietyaodfasvuacihlabreilcordingshasthusbroughtabout
acrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sownintenreswtimnusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,has
describedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,
organization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestranotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbertappointm'ensthas
A]incurredcriticism.
B]raisedsuspicion.
C]receivedacclaim.
D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
A]influential.
B]modest.
C]respectable.
D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonaiuct,htohrefeels
A]doubtful.
B]enthusiastic.
C]confident.
D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydec
says.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisnt
weekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodongetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached
SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican'tthinkofasinglesehaercrehaIboardhas'nvoetdone
instructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschief
Tropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafer
butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Therptetohpelewowrhsotar'evebeenh
thosewho'vestayedtoolong.”
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
A]arrogant.
B]frank.
C]self-centered.
D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives'quittingmaybespurredby
A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
A]approvedof.
B]attendedto.
C]huntedfor.
D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
D]it'ssatfoersticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A]CEOs:
WheretoGo?
B]CEOs:
AlltheWayUp?
C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet
D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerfor
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