GRE阅读最新机经.docx
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GRE阅读最新机经.docx
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GRE阅读最新机经
阅读机经
1.神经元细胞(11.9)
V1有一篇是写关于神经细胞的,说是一开始人们以为神经细胞是怎么怎么起作用的,后来发现他不止有这个作用还有别的作用,另外原来认可的这个作用好像也有了新的解释,题目中有一个是问这篇文章的结构是怎么样的,还有就是细节题,说神经细胞是如何工作还是怎么地,不太记得了,文章也不长,但是当时时间所剩无几,来来回回也没看清楚。
v2还有一道阅读是讲神经系统的,做的时候想起了pp2里面那个RprecedeWprecedeM的那个题,但实际关系不大;讲的是传统的观点认为,大脑传导指令到中枢(?
)再产生动作。
如果这样的话,比如一个东西飞过眼前,眼睛动了,脚也同样接到指令应该也动起来。
所以,认为是onlyiffeetarefreeofcontact,才能negative从中枢传来的stimulatedcurcuit,并且这个从feet发出的指令是在脊髓神经系统(?
)发出的,所以,人应该有两个中枢(?
)。
2.树木生病,A病和一种虫子的关系
3.汽油乙醇老G原文
Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasingconsequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter(particulatematter:
颗粒物质),andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbons(hydrocarbon:
n.烃,碳氢化合物)fromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortof(shortof:
adv.缺乏,只要没有)amassiveshiftawayfrom(awayfrom:
远离)theprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas(liquefiedpetroleumgas:
n.液化石油气acompressedgasthatconsistsofflammablehydrocarbons(aspropaneandbutane)andisusedespeciallyasfuelorasrawmaterialforchemicalsynthesis),ethanol,ormethanol.
Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifand,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.
Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:
theyhaveahigherenergycontent(energycontent:
能含量;内能)pervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.
Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.
17.TheauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithD(文章的逻辑结构非常明显,是指出一个问题,然后讨论了多种方案,最后指向METHANOL。
其实是排除了其它的方案,或者其它方案均为陪衬。
这是选D的原因。
C显然不对,因为文章不但讨论的各种方案的STRENGTH,更讨论了各种方案的WEAKNESS。
)
(A)counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem
(B)reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem
(C)identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem
(D)discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit(不是onesolution吧)(D)
(E)outliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplan
18.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecauseB
(A)thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons这是结果,不是原因!
(B)thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions
(C)gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure
(D)gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.(B)
(E)gasolineisacarbon-basedfuel
19.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairpollution?
A
(A)Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.
(B)Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.
(C)Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.
(D)Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.(A)
(E)Reductionsinpollutantsemittedbyindividualvehicleshavebeenoffsetbyincreasesinpollutionfromsourcesotherthangasoline-fueledvehicles.
20.whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthepassage?
C
(A)Althoughatownreducesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetown’staxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingarea.
(B)Althoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegaldumpingcontinuestoincrease.
(C)Althoughatown’scitizensreducetheirindividualuseofwater,thetown’swatersuppliescontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulationofthetown.
(D)Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.(C)
(E)Althoughacountryreducesthespeedlimitonitsnationalhighways,thenumberoffatalitiescausedbyautomobileaccidentscontinuestoincrease.
21.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?
(A)Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.
(B)Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem.
(C)Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.
(D)Itsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesfeasible.(E)
(E)Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.
22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatavehiclespecificallydesignedtousemethanolforfuelwould
(A)besomewhatlighterintotalbodyweightthanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline
(B)bemoreexpensivetooperatethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline
(C)havealargerandmorepowerfulenginethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithgasoline
(D)havealargerandheavierfueltankthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithmethanol(E)
(E)averagemoremilespergallonthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithmethanol
23.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphasA
(A)flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased
(B)inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments
(C)misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus
(D)inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concerns(A)
(E)invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics
4.长江水稻,原文
Sincethe1970s,archaeologicalsitesinChina'sYangtzeRiverregionhaveyieldedevidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesthatpredatesignsofricecultivationelsewhereinEastAsiabyathousandyears.Beforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthastheYangtze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaandIndia(nowknowntobenotsooldasfirstreported).Proponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerealreadyhighlydevelopedandthatevidenceforthefirststageofricecultivationismissing.Theyarguethatthefirsthunter-gathererstodevelopriceagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,withintheapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwildrice.
Yetwhilemoststandsofwildricereportedina1984surveywereconcentratedtothesouthoftheYangtzedrainage,twonorthernoutlierpopulationswerealsodiscoveredinprovincesalongthemiddleandlowerYangtze,evidencethattheYangtzewetlandsmayfallwithinboththepresent-dayandthehistoricalgeographicrangesofrice'swildancestor.
1.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostclearlyunderminetheconclusionthattheauthormakesbasedonthe1984survey?
¡AreassouthoftheYangtzebasincurrentlyhavelesswild-ricehabitatthantheyoncedid.
¡Surveyssince1984haveshownwildricepopulationsalongtheupperYangtzeaswellasalongthemiddleandlowerYangtze.
¡ThepopulationsofwildricealongtheYangtzerepresentstrainsofwildricethatmigratedtothenorthrelativelyrecently.
¡Earlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongtheYangtzewerenotashighlydevelopedasarchaeologistsoncethought.
¡InEastAsia,thehistoricalgeographicrangeofwildricewasmoreextensivethanthepresent-daygeographicrangeis.
2.Basedonthepassage,skepticsof
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