学生版高中英语阅读理解必杀技.docx
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学生版高中英语阅读理解必杀技.docx
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学生版高中英语阅读理解必杀技
近年来英语高考的趋势是“得阅读者得天下”,可见阅读在高考中的重要地位。
分析全国一、二卷和各自主命题省份的高考试卷可以看出,阅读题的分值一般为30-45分,每小题的分值都是一样的,均为2分,只是题目的数量有所差异。
对阅读的考查越来越多地注重于语言运用能力之上的逻辑思维能力和批判思维能力的考查。
所以同学们要加强阅读训练,提高自己的理解能力。
高考考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明:
1.理解语篇主旨大意;
2.理解文中具体信息;
3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义;
4.作出简单的判断和推理;
5.理解文章的基本结构;
6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。
一.主旨大意题
重点1精确归纳标题
考生在做标题判断类试题时要注意标题的三个特性,即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
醒目性——标题位于文章的最前面,应该能让读者一看到标题就对其内容产生兴趣,即吸引读者的眼球;概括性——标题应最大限度地覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题;针对性——标题不能偏题,必须指向具体文意。
Doctorareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:
]becameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather.Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.
IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather…
39.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.CRM:
ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafe
B.FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctor
C.TheMakingofaGoodPilot
D.APilot-TurnedDoctor
技巧点拨:
主旨大意题的正确选项有以下特点:
1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文;2.所指的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小;3.精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
ItwasanautumnmorningshortlyaftermyhusbandandImovedintoourfirsthouse.Ourchildrenwereupstairsunpacking,andIwaslookingoutofthewindowatmyfathermovingaroundmysteriouslyonthefrontlawn.“Whatareyoudoingoutthere?
”Icalledtohim.
Helookedup,smiling.“I’mmakingyouasurprise.’’Ithoughtitcouldbejustaboutanything.Whenwewerekids,healwayscreatedsomethingsurprisingforus.Today,however,Dadwouldsaynomore,andcaughtupinthebusinessofournewlife,Ieventuallyforgotabouthissurprise.
…
Howcouldaflowerbloomfromabulbmorethan18yearsago,onethathadn’tbloomedinoveradecade?
Buttherewasthecrocus.TearsfilledmyeyesasIrealizeditssignificance.Holdon,keepgoing,andlightiscomingsoon.Thepinkcrocusbloomedforonlyaday,butitbuiltmyfaithforalifetime.
Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Crocuses—MySourceofFaith
B.Crocuses—Father’sSurprise
C.APinkCrocus—MyMemory
D.CrocusesinBlossom—MyFavorite
Facedwithatoughjobmarket,freshgraduatesaredreamingofrunningtheirownbusinessesinstead.Butarecentsurveyhasshowedthatsuchambitionslacktherequiredsupportandremainjustthat---dreams.
TheShanghaiMunicipalEmploymentPromotionCenterpollof1,276graduatesinseveraluniversitiesandcollegesinthecity,releasedlastFriday,showed59.78percentofrespondentsconsideredthepossibilityofsettingupacompanyoratleastasmallstore.“Buttheyjuststopatthe‘thinking’stage,”itstated.
.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?
A.AToughJobMarket
B.GraduatesDreamofBeingBoss
C.TheAmbitiousFreshGraduates
D.TheStoryofGuoBing
逆向解题:
先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题或主旨大意题,然后假设按照这个标题或大意,文章通常应该怎么写,写什么;再根据其核心词,考生就可以大致确定文章的结构和内容了,如果二者与短文基本相同,就可以判断该项正确;如果与短文大相径庭,就可以判断该项不正确。
重点2概括文章大意
在阅读说明文和议论文时,考生可以根据其篇章特点寻找短文的主题句,然后归纳出文章的主题。
主题句通常会出现在文章中的这三个位置:
首段、中间段、结尾段(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。
但有时文章可能无主题句,考生需要根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意。
Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.AndIamoneofthem.Takemyfamily’slastvacation.Itwasmysix-year-oldson’swinterbreakfromschool,andwewereheadinghomefromFortLauderdaleafteraweeklongtrip.Theflightwasoverbooked,andDelta,theairline,offeredus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday.IhadmeetinginNewYork,SoIhadtogetback.Butthatdidn'tmeanmyhusbandandmysoncouldn'tstay.Itookmynine-month-oldandtookoffforhome.
…
Itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney’sworth.I’malsotightfistedwhenitcomestoshoes,clothesformychildren,andexpensiverestaurants.ButIwouldn'thesitatetospendonagoodhaircut.Itkeepsitslonger,andit'sthefirstthingpeoplenotice.AndIwillalsospendonaclassicpieceoffurniture.Qualitylasts
59.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?
A.Howtoexposebadtricks.
B.Howtoreserveairlineseats.
C.Howtospendmoneywisely,
D.Howtomakeabusinessdeal.
AccordingtotheBritish“DailyMail”reportedonMay22nd,theAmericanbusiness
magazine“Forbes”recentlyreleasedthelistoftheWorld’sMostPowerfulWomen
2013.
GermanChancellor(总理,首相)AngelaMerkelforthreeconsecutive(连续的)years
reelectedtop.
…
ThelistofChinesewomen,includingthewifeofChinesePresidentXiJinping,
PengLiyuan,smartphonemaker,HTCchairwomanCherWang...
Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.PengLiyuanwaselectedasoneoftheWorld’sMostPowerfulWomen2013.
B.ForbesreleasedthelistoftheWorld’sMostPowerfulWomen2013.
C.TheUnitedStates’sfirstladyMichellenolongerranksNO.1.
D.Chinesepeoplearebecomingstrongerandmoreinfluentialthanbefore.
技巧点拨:
找准主题句是确定文章主旨大意的主要方法。
主题句在文中的位置:
开门见山:
提出主题——细节支撑——阐明主题;
段末点睛:
细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题;
段中点旨:
细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。
Notice
DearDegree-doingInternationalStudents,
AccordingtotheUniversity’sregulationsgoverningtheCurriculums(课程)ofGeneralEducation,thecurriculum-choosingprocedures(程序)areasfollows:
1.Who
Alldegree-doinginternationalstudentsarerequiredtochoosethecurriculumsrelatedtoChineseLanguageandCulture.RefertoItem3fordifferentarrangementsforundergraduatestudents(本科生),masteranddoctorstudents
…
Attachment1:
ChineseLanguage&CultureforInternationalStudents
Attachment2:
HandbookforCurriculumSelection
…
Thisnoticeismainlyabout_______.
A.courseselectionB.howtostudyelectivecourses
C.regulationsoflearningChineseD.Learningarrangementsforelectivecourses
重点三:
总结段落大意
段落大意是指某一段的主要意思,是对一个段落的基本内容所作的简单和初步的概括。
段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达,因此选择段落大意时要从这几个方面考虑,避免选择模糊、片面、烦冗的句子。
Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.
…
31.Paragraph1mainlytalksabout______.
A.thereasonsforsuccess B.themeaningofsuccess
C.thestandardsofsuccess D.theimportanceofsuccess
难点速通:
难点避免看懂文章却出错
看懂文章却做错题这一现象主要出现在解答文章主旨大意类试题时,因为考生在选择文章主旨大意或标题时,常会犯以偏概全、以点带面、以小代大的错误。
要避免出现这种错误,考生首先要明白自己懂的是全文的中心思想还是细节,懂的是全部词汇的字面意思还是其蕴含的意义;然后以“三主一问”作为解题思路。
“三主”指文章的主题思想、文章的结构主线和关键句的主谓结构。
“一问”指根据文章后面所设的问题来发问:
此题的考查点是什么?
此时考生一定要把题干读懂,这样在阅读文章时才能站得高,看得远,也就可以知全局。
Argentinainthelatenineteenthcenturywasanexcitingplace.Around1870,itwasexperiencinganeconomic(经济的)boom,andthecapital,BuenosAires,attractedmanypeople.Farmers,aswellasafloodofforeignersfromSpainandItaly,cametoBuenosAiresseekingjobs.Thesejobsdidn’tpaywell,andthepeoplefeltlonelyanddisappointedwiththeirnewlifeinthecity.Astheunhappynewcomersmixedtogetherinthepoorpartsofthecity,thedanceknownasthetango(探戈舞)cameintobeing.
…
Thepopularity(流行)ofthetangocontinuedtogrowinmanyotherpartsoftheworld.SoldierswhoreturnedtotheUnitedStatesfromWorldWarIbroughtthetangotoNorthAmerica.ItreachedJapanin1926,andin2003theArgentineanembassyinSeoulhiredalocaltangodancertoactasakindofdanceambassador,andpromotetangodancingthroughoutSouthKorea.
Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowtoDancetheTango B.TheHistoryoftheTango
C.HowtoPromotetheTango D.TheModernTangoBoom
Lastwinter,whenIwasheavilypregnant,Iwenttovisitmysisterandbrother-in-law'shouseandhadtoparkinanearbyparkinglot...
...WhenIfinallytriedtodriveaway,mywheelsbegantospin.Iwasstuck!
Ispunandspunandwonderedwhattodo.
Allofasudden,inmyrearviewmirror,Isawfourteen-agedboysapproachingmycar.Theywerewalkingsidebysideinalineanddressedabitlikegangmembers---atleastIthoughtthat'swhattheylookedlike.MycarwasinaveryisolatedareaandIbegantopanic.Iwascertaintheywerecomingtomycartoharmme.Terrified,Ijustfroze.Oneoftheyoungmentappedonmywindowandsaid"Excuseme,Ma'am,canwehelpyou?
Youseemstuck."Stillafraidandfearingtheworst,Isaid"Iamstuck."Andtheyoungmansaid"It'sokay,stayinyourcarandwe'llpushyououtofthesnow."Andtheydid!
Whentheyfinallygotmeoutofthesnow,theysmiledandwaved.Irolleddownmywindowandthankedthem,embarrassedtohavejudgedthemsopoorly.
Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe___________
A.Everymanhashisfaults
B.Fortunefavorsthosewhousetheirjudgment
C.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover
D.Thinktwicebeforeyoudo.
LouisArmstronghadtwofamousnicknames(绰号).Som
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